Determinantes estructurales de la producción científica: análisis empírico comparado de 47 países
Palabras clave:
Producción científica, gasto en educación, calidad institucional, inversión en ciencia y tecnología
Resumen
El estudio analiza de forma comparativa los determinantes estructurales de la producción científica a nivel internacional, integrando dimensiones económicas, educativas, institucionales y digitales. La investigaciónes de tipo básica, de enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal; mediante análisis de base de datos de 47 países, se evalúa cómo la inversión en ciencia y tecnología, el capital humano, el gasto en educación, la calidad institucional y el desarrollo digital se asocian con la producción científica per cápita (artículos indexados en Scopus por millón de habitantes). Los resultados evidencian que la densidad de investigadores y el gasto educativo son determinantes robustos de la producción científica, mientras que la calidad institucional actúa como un factor habilitador clave; el gasto en investigación y desarrollo como porcentaje del PBI presenta rendimientos decrecientes cuando no está acompañado por capacidades humanas e institucionales. La producción científica responde a las políticas de Estado sostenidas; la digitalización y el uso de Internet se asocian positivamente con la producción científica, reforzando la importancia de la infraestructura digital como insumo transversal del sistema científico.
Citas
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Asker, A., Akif, M., Maria, E., & Cinar, E. (2025). Digital innovation strategies in the public sector. Research Policy, 54(8), 105274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105274
Atabayeva, A., Kurmanalina, A., Kalkabayeva, G., Lambekova, A., Myrzhykbayeva, A., & Akbayev, Y. (2024). Utilizing investment in fixed assets and R&D as a catalyst for boosting productivity to stimulate economic growth. Economies, 12(10), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12100266
Barra, C., & Ruggiero, N. (2023). Quality of government and types of innovation—Empirical evidence for Italian manufacturing firms. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14(2), 1749–1789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00964-5
Bloom, N., Jones, C. I., van Reenen, J., & Webb, M. (2020). Are ideas getting harder to find? American Economic Review, 110(4), 1104–1144. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180338
Cannavale, C., Claudio, L., & Koroleva, D. (2025). Digitalisation and artificial intelligence development: A cross-country analysis. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28(11), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2024-0828
Cernat, V. (2024). The unprincipled principal: How Romania’s inconsistent research reform impacted scientific output. Scientometrics, 129(9), 5557–5575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-024-05118-9
Chen, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024). Can e-government online services offer enhanced governance support? A national-level analysis based on fsQCA and NCA. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(3), 100526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100526
Danta, S., & Rath, B. N. (2024). Do institutional quality and human capital matter for innovation in case of Asian region? Innovation and Green Development, 3(3), 100141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2024.100141
Del Castillo, A. L. Z. (2019). Capital intelectual en instituciones de educación superior en México. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 24(86), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.37960/revista.v24i86.23776
Fitjar, R. D. (2025). Does public R&D funding reinforce regional disparities? Exploring the changing geography of public and business R&D expenditure in Europe. Research Policy, 54(9), 105312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105312
Ganga-Contreras, F., Alarcón-Henríquez, N., Suarez-Amaya, W., & Viancos-González, P. (2024). Producción científica en el ámbito del clima organizacional en la educación superior: Revisión bibliométrica con perspectiva de género. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 29(E11), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.e11.31
Jabbar, A., Apostolidis, C., Baines, N., Devine, A., Christofi, M., & Trivedi, S. (2025). Help those helping others - The role of universities in facilitating digitalisation and virtualisation in non-profit organisations. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 50, 488–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-024-10109-2
Jiao, H., Wang, T., Libaers, D., Yang, J., & Hu, L. (2025). The relationship between digital technologies and innovation: A review, critique, and research agenda. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(1), 100638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100638
Kantorowicz, J., & González-Bustamante, B. (2025). Changing meaning of the rule of law. Artificial Intelligence and Law, Article 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-025-09468-4
Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., & Kantorowicz, J. (2025). Law & economics at sixty: Mapping the field with bibliometric and machine learning tools. Journal of Economic Surveys, 39(1), 201–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12613
Kouroutakis, A. (2024). Rule of law in the AI era: Addressing accountability, and the digital divide. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 4, 115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00191-8
Li, C., Luo, J., & Gong, J. (2025). Study of the impact of digital transformation policies on the innovative performance of manufacturing firms. Sage Open, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251360515
Malka, R. B., & Hadad, S. (2025). Safeguarding economic growth amid democratic backsliding: The primacy of institutions over innovation. Economies, 13(8), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13080237
Maral, M. (2024). Research performance of higher education in OECD countries: A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241257753
Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-oriented innovation policies: Challenges and opportunities. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(5), 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty034
Morina, D., Lucas, H., & Heiden, S. (2025). Unraveling the impact of R&D investment on corporate growth: Empirical insights on intensity- and growth rate-based differences. Finance Research Letters, 74, 106722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106722
Mudey, M. H., Kulmie, D. A., & Umar, A. (2025). Unveiling research dynamics: A bibliometric analysis of rule of law and corruption studies. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2519923
Ochoa-Urrego, R. L., & González-Correa, G. (2024). Revisión sistemática sobre la eficiencia de los sistemas nacionales de innovación. Revista Espacios, 45(3), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a24v45n03p08
Oltulular, S. (2025). Human capital dynamics are the key to economic growth: Source of value of the future. Economies, 13(8), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13080235
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-OECD (2025). Perspectivas económicas. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/economic-outlook.html
Pazuña, M. F. (2024). Inversión en investigación y producción científica en las universidades ecuatorianas. Revista Multidisciplinaria Unnival, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.70577/unnival.v2i2.42
Pinto, T., & Teixeira, A. C. (2024). Research output and economic growth in technological laggard contexts: A longitudinal analysis (1980–2019) by type of research. Scientometrics, 129, 1197–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04893-1
Ploszaj, A. (2025). Individual-level determinants of international academic mobility: Insights from a survey of Polish scholars. Scientometrics, 130, 2273–2290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-025-05281-7
Quindemil, E. M., Cobo, E. P., Chaparro, E. I., & Padrón, F. (2023). Estudio bibliométrico sobre Pymes: Análisis de artículos de la base de datos Scopus. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(101), 228–247. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.101.15
Ramírez, T., & Salcedo, A. (2016). Inversión y producción científica en Venezuela. ¿Una relación inversamente proporcional? Revista de Pedagogía, 37(101), 147–174. http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/659/65950543008.pdf
Rodríguez, E. A., Garcés, L. F., Valencia, J., & Valencia-Arias, A. (2025). Tendencias investigativas en el uso de técnicas de inteligencia artificial en la investigación científica. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 30(109), 351–380. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.109.23
Sahay, S., Srivastava, S. C., Barrett, M., Davison, R. M., Madon, S., Schlagwein, D., Brown, I., & Sarker, S. (2025). Digital development: Reimagining research beyond ICT4D. Information Systems Research, 36(3), 1269–1292. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2025.editorial.v36.n3
Saltos-Cruz, G., León-Saltos, A., Saltos-Cruz, C., & Reyes-Terán, A. (2023). Capital intelectual en el desempeño de las empresas bananeras ecuatorianas. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(E9), 266–280. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.e9.17
Shen, W., Avotra, A. A. R. N., Yu, X., & Zhong, S. (2025). The effect of digitalization on total factor productivity: A dynamic capabilities perspective. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 1672. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05938-x
Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek, K., & Zyzak, B. (2025). Digital technologies in public administration networks: Systematic literature review and research avenues. Administration & Society, 57(8-9), 1051–1087. https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997251369090
Song, S., & Ai, M. (2025). Internet use, support for democracy and political participation: A comparative study of Chinese mainland and Taiwan. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 295. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04637-x
Tunqui, R. C. (2025). Factores institucionales y políticas públicas que inciden en la producción científica en países andinos: Un enfoque comparativo entre 2000 y 2024. Revista de Propuestas Educativas, 7(13), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.61287/propuestaseducativas.v7i13.6
Viera-Arroyo, W., Vera, L., Moya, M., López, D., Vásquez-Castillo, W., & Caicedo, C. (2025). An assessment of scientific productivity: Review in the area of agricultural and biological sciences in Ecuador using scientometrics and Lotka’s Law. Publications, 13(4), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13040059
World Justice Project. (2025). WJP Rule of Law Index 2025: Evaluates 143 countries and jurisdictions around the world. https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/
Asker, A., Akif, M., Maria, E., & Cinar, E. (2025). Digital innovation strategies in the public sector. Research Policy, 54(8), 105274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105274
Atabayeva, A., Kurmanalina, A., Kalkabayeva, G., Lambekova, A., Myrzhykbayeva, A., & Akbayev, Y. (2024). Utilizing investment in fixed assets and R&D as a catalyst for boosting productivity to stimulate economic growth. Economies, 12(10), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies12100266
Barra, C., & Ruggiero, N. (2023). Quality of government and types of innovation—Empirical evidence for Italian manufacturing firms. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14(2), 1749–1789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-022-00964-5
Bloom, N., Jones, C. I., van Reenen, J., & Webb, M. (2020). Are ideas getting harder to find? American Economic Review, 110(4), 1104–1144. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180338
Cannavale, C., Claudio, L., & Koroleva, D. (2025). Digitalisation and artificial intelligence development: A cross-country analysis. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28(11), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2024-0828
Cernat, V. (2024). The unprincipled principal: How Romania’s inconsistent research reform impacted scientific output. Scientometrics, 129(9), 5557–5575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-024-05118-9
Chen, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024). Can e-government online services offer enhanced governance support? A national-level analysis based on fsQCA and NCA. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(3), 100526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100526
Danta, S., & Rath, B. N. (2024). Do institutional quality and human capital matter for innovation in case of Asian region? Innovation and Green Development, 3(3), 100141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2024.100141
Del Castillo, A. L. Z. (2019). Capital intelectual en instituciones de educación superior en México. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 24(86), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.37960/revista.v24i86.23776
Fitjar, R. D. (2025). Does public R&D funding reinforce regional disparities? Exploring the changing geography of public and business R&D expenditure in Europe. Research Policy, 54(9), 105312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2025.105312
Ganga-Contreras, F., Alarcón-Henríquez, N., Suarez-Amaya, W., & Viancos-González, P. (2024). Producción científica en el ámbito del clima organizacional en la educación superior: Revisión bibliométrica con perspectiva de género. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 29(E11), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.e11.31
Jabbar, A., Apostolidis, C., Baines, N., Devine, A., Christofi, M., & Trivedi, S. (2025). Help those helping others - The role of universities in facilitating digitalisation and virtualisation in non-profit organisations. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 50, 488–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-024-10109-2
Jiao, H., Wang, T., Libaers, D., Yang, J., & Hu, L. (2025). The relationship between digital technologies and innovation: A review, critique, and research agenda. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(1), 100638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100638
Kantorowicz, J., & González-Bustamante, B. (2025). Changing meaning of the rule of law. Artificial Intelligence and Law, Article 16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-025-09468-4
Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, E., & Kantorowicz, J. (2025). Law & economics at sixty: Mapping the field with bibliometric and machine learning tools. Journal of Economic Surveys, 39(1), 201–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12613
Kouroutakis, A. (2024). Rule of law in the AI era: Addressing accountability, and the digital divide. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 4, 115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00191-8
Li, C., Luo, J., & Gong, J. (2025). Study of the impact of digital transformation policies on the innovative performance of manufacturing firms. Sage Open, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251360515
Malka, R. B., & Hadad, S. (2025). Safeguarding economic growth amid democratic backsliding: The primacy of institutions over innovation. Economies, 13(8), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13080237
Maral, M. (2024). Research performance of higher education in OECD countries: A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach. Sage Open, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241257753
Mazzucato, M. (2018). Mission-oriented innovation policies: Challenges and opportunities. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(5), 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty034
Morina, D., Lucas, H., & Heiden, S. (2025). Unraveling the impact of R&D investment on corporate growth: Empirical insights on intensity- and growth rate-based differences. Finance Research Letters, 74, 106722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106722
Mudey, M. H., Kulmie, D. A., & Umar, A. (2025). Unveiling research dynamics: A bibliometric analysis of rule of law and corruption studies. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2519923
Ochoa-Urrego, R. L., & González-Correa, G. (2024). Revisión sistemática sobre la eficiencia de los sistemas nacionales de innovación. Revista Espacios, 45(3), 94–113. https://doi.org/10.48082/espacios-a24v45n03p08
Oltulular, S. (2025). Human capital dynamics are the key to economic growth: Source of value of the future. Economies, 13(8), 235. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13080235
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-OECD (2025). Perspectivas económicas. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/economic-outlook.html
Pazuña, M. F. (2024). Inversión en investigación y producción científica en las universidades ecuatorianas. Revista Multidisciplinaria Unnival, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.70577/unnival.v2i2.42
Pinto, T., & Teixeira, A. C. (2024). Research output and economic growth in technological laggard contexts: A longitudinal analysis (1980–2019) by type of research. Scientometrics, 129, 1197–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-023-04893-1
Ploszaj, A. (2025). Individual-level determinants of international academic mobility: Insights from a survey of Polish scholars. Scientometrics, 130, 2273–2290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-025-05281-7
Quindemil, E. M., Cobo, E. P., Chaparro, E. I., & Padrón, F. (2023). Estudio bibliométrico sobre Pymes: Análisis de artículos de la base de datos Scopus. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(101), 228–247. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.101.15
Ramírez, T., & Salcedo, A. (2016). Inversión y producción científica en Venezuela. ¿Una relación inversamente proporcional? Revista de Pedagogía, 37(101), 147–174. http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/659/65950543008.pdf
Rodríguez, E. A., Garcés, L. F., Valencia, J., & Valencia-Arias, A. (2025). Tendencias investigativas en el uso de técnicas de inteligencia artificial en la investigación científica. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 30(109), 351–380. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.109.23
Sahay, S., Srivastava, S. C., Barrett, M., Davison, R. M., Madon, S., Schlagwein, D., Brown, I., & Sarker, S. (2025). Digital development: Reimagining research beyond ICT4D. Information Systems Research, 36(3), 1269–1292. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2025.editorial.v36.n3
Saltos-Cruz, G., León-Saltos, A., Saltos-Cruz, C., & Reyes-Terán, A. (2023). Capital intelectual en el desempeño de las empresas bananeras ecuatorianas. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 28(E9), 266–280. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.28.e9.17
Shen, W., Avotra, A. A. R. N., Yu, X., & Zhong, S. (2025). The effect of digitalization on total factor productivity: A dynamic capabilities perspective. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 1672. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05938-x
Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek, K., & Zyzak, B. (2025). Digital technologies in public administration networks: Systematic literature review and research avenues. Administration & Society, 57(8-9), 1051–1087. https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997251369090
Song, S., & Ai, M. (2025). Internet use, support for democracy and political participation: A comparative study of Chinese mainland and Taiwan. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, 295. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04637-x
Tunqui, R. C. (2025). Factores institucionales y políticas públicas que inciden en la producción científica en países andinos: Un enfoque comparativo entre 2000 y 2024. Revista de Propuestas Educativas, 7(13), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.61287/propuestaseducativas.v7i13.6
Viera-Arroyo, W., Vera, L., Moya, M., López, D., Vásquez-Castillo, W., & Caicedo, C. (2025). An assessment of scientific productivity: Review in the area of agricultural and biological sciences in Ecuador using scientometrics and Lotka’s Law. Publications, 13(4), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications13040059
World Justice Project. (2025). WJP Rule of Law Index 2025: Evaluates 143 countries and jurisdictions around the world. https://worldjusticeproject.org/rule-of-law-index/
Publicado
2026-09-03
Cómo citar
Jinchuña Huallpa, J., Flores Arocutipa, J. P., Lujan Minaya, J. C., & Gutierrez Quispe, N. F. (2026). Determinantes estructurales de la producción científica: análisis empírico comparado de 47 países. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 31(116), e3111615. Recuperado a partir de https://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/rvg/article/view/46173
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