Desempeño Académico de Estudiantes Universitarios con Ayudas Financieras: Una Revisión de Literatura
Palabras clave:
Desempeño Académico, Estudiante Universitario, Ayuda Financiera, Políticas Públicas
Resumen
En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento significativo en la matrícula de estudiantes de menores ingresos a la universidad, dado el mayor financiamiento a través de becas y préstamos; sin embargo, la efectividad de estos programas no es tan clara considerando las bajas tasas de retención, persistencia y graduación. El presente estudio tiene como propósito identificar los efectos de las ayudas financieras sobre los indicadores de logros estudiantiles a través de una revisión sistemática de literatura internacional entre 2015 y 2020 para encontrar relaciones entre el desempeño de los estudiantes y las ayudas financieras que reciben. Los resultados demuestran que, en el caso de las becas, el efecto es positivo en los indicadores de rendimiento y graduación; empero, en el caso de los préstamos, el desempeño es heterogéneo y denota un estrés financiero para los estudiantes. Se concluye la necesidad de investigaciones futuras que determinen de manera consistente la significancia de los préstamos en los resultados académicos dada la gran inversión pública en este ámbito, y la vinculación del perfil de estudiantes e instituciones con el impacto de los programas de financiamiento, para contribuir a la selección de programas efectivos y la toma de decisiones de la política pública.
Citas
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Bettinger, E., Gurantz, O., Kawano, L., Sacerdote, B., & Stevens, M. (2019). The Long-Run Impacts of Financial Aid: Evidence from California’s Cal Grant. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(1), 64-94. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20170466
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Broton, K. M. (2019). Rethinking the cooling out hypothesis for the 21st century: The impact of financial aid on students’ educational goals. Community College Review, 47(1), 79-104.
Burns, K., Ellegood, W., Bracy, J. M., Duncan, M., y Sweeney, D., (2019). Early College Credit Programs Positively Impact Student Success. Journal of Advanced Academics, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X18801274
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Doyle, J., Wheelis, M., Thompson L. & Strietzel, J. (2019). The Impact of Living–Learning Program Scholarships on Scholarship Recipients. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 56(2), 221-234, https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2018.1474763
Escobar, E., Torres, D., Layedra, W. y Zhinin, W. (2019). La influencia de la concesión de becas y la capacidad de aprendizaje de los estudiantes sobre la cantidad de personas con mayor formación académica. Revista Dilemas Contemporáneos Educación, Política y Valores, VII(1).https://bit.ly/2UDZE8a
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Gipson, J., Mitchell Jr. D. & McLean, C. (2017). An Investigation of High Achieving African-American Students Attending Community Colleges: A Mixed Methods Research Study. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 42(4), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2017.1299652
Goldhaber, D., Long, M. C., Person, A. E., Rooklyn, J., & Gratz, T. (2019). Sign me up: The factors predicting students’ enrollment in an early-commitment scholarship program. AERA Open, 5(2), https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2332858419857703
Graziosi, G., Sneyers, E., Agasisti T. & Witte K. (2020). Can grants affect student performance? Evidence from five Italian universities. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 43(1). https://bit.ly/2U7JWlI
Guerrero, S. C., & Soto Arango, D. E. (2019). La política educativa en torno a la masificación de la educación superior y su relación con el abandono universitario en Colombia. Revista historia de la educación latinoamericana, 21(32), 109-136.
Herbaut, E., & Geven, K. M. (2019). What works to reduce inequalities in higher education? A systematic review of the (quasi-)experimental literature on outreach and financial aid. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 65. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0276562419300770
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Burns, K., Ellegood, W., Bracy, J. M., Duncan, M., y Sweeney, D., (2019). Early College Credit Programs Positively Impact Student Success. Journal of Advanced Academics, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1932202X18801274
Cadaret, M. C. & Bennett, S. B. (2019). College Students’ Reported Financial Stress and Its Relationship to Psychological Distress. Journal of College Counseling, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12139
Carales, V. D. (2020). Examining Educational Attainment Outcomes: A Focus on Latina/o Community College Students. Community College Review, 48(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552120903087
Carpenter, D. M., Kaka, S. J., Tygret, J.A. y Cathcart, K. (2018). Testing the Efficacy of a Scholarship Program for Single Parent, Post-Freshmen, Full Time Undergraduates. Research in Higher Education, 59(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-017-9456-0
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Coria, E. & Hoffman, J.L (2016) Financial aid tipping points: an analysis of aid and academic achievement at a California community college. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 40(2), 160-170, https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2014.993441
Correa, J. B. (2013). Educación superior e inclusión social: una perspectiva desde las instituciones universitarias salesianas. Educación y futuro: revista de investigación aplicada y experiencias educativas, (28), 201-222. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4152280
Destin, M., y Svoboda, R.C. (2018). Costs on the Mind: The Influence of the Financial Burden of College on Academic Performance and Cognitive Functioning. Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-017-9469-8
Díaz, R. (2017). El impacto del tipo de financiamiento sobre la probabilidad de retención de primer año en la educación superior: el caso de la universidad de Chile. Congreso CLABES VII, Córdoba, Argentina. https://revistas.utp.ac.pa/index.php/clabes/article/view/1586
Doyle, J., Wheelis, M., Thompson L. & Strietzel, J. (2019). The Impact of Living–Learning Program Scholarships on Scholarship Recipients. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 56(2), 221-234, https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2018.1474763
Escobar, E., Torres, D., Layedra, W. y Zhinin, W. (2019). La influencia de la concesión de becas y la capacidad de aprendizaje de los estudiantes sobre la cantidad de personas con mayor formación académica. Revista Dilemas Contemporáneos Educación, Política y Valores, VII(1).https://bit.ly/2UDZE8a
Fernández-Martín, T., Solís-Salazar, M., Hernández-Jiménez, M. T., & Moreira-Mora, T. E. (2019). Un análisis multinomial y predictivo de los factores asociados a la deserción universitaria. Revista Electrónica Educare, 23(1), 73-97. https://bit.ly/3qv1jZM
Fosnacht, K., & Calderone, S. M. (2017). Undergraduate Financial Stress, Financial Self-Efficacy, and Major Choice: A Multi-Institutional Study. Journal of Financial Therapy, 8(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.4148/1944-9771.1129
Gershenfeld, S., Zhan, M., y Ward Hood, D. (2019). The Impact of a Promise: A Loan Replacement Grant, Low-Income Students, and College Graduation. The Review of Higher Education, 42(3), 1073-1100. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2019.0030
Gipson, J., Mitchell Jr. D. & McLean, C. (2017). An Investigation of High Achieving African-American Students Attending Community Colleges: A Mixed Methods Research Study. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 42(4), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2017.1299652
Goldhaber, D., Long, M. C., Person, A. E., Rooklyn, J., & Gratz, T. (2019). Sign me up: The factors predicting students’ enrollment in an early-commitment scholarship program. AERA Open, 5(2), https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2332858419857703
Graziosi, G., Sneyers, E., Agasisti T. & Witte K. (2020). Can grants affect student performance? Evidence from five Italian universities. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 43(1). https://bit.ly/2U7JWlI
Guerrero, S. C., & Soto Arango, D. E. (2019). La política educativa en torno a la masificación de la educación superior y su relación con el abandono universitario en Colombia. Revista historia de la educación latinoamericana, 21(32), 109-136.
Herbaut, E., & Geven, K. M. (2019). What works to reduce inequalities in higher education? A systematic review of the (quasi-)experimental literature on outreach and financial aid. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 65. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0276562419300770
Huang, W., Li, F., Liao, X., y Hu, P. (2018). More money, better performance? The effects of student loans and need-based grants in China’s higher education. China Economic Review, Elsevier, 51(C), 208-227. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/chieco/v51y2018icp208-227.html
Jones, T. R., Kreisman, D., Rubenstein, R., Searcy, C., & Bhatt, R. (2020). The Effects of Financial Aid Loss on Persistence and Graduation: A Multi-Dimensional Regression Discontinuity Approach. IZA Discussion Papers 13849, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA). https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp13849.html
Lattuada, M. (2017). Deserción y retención en las unidades académicas de educación superior. Una aproximación a las causas, instrumentos y estrategias que contribuyen a conocer y morigerar su impacto. Debate Universitario, 5(10), 100-113.
Marx, B. M. and Turner, L. J. (2019): Student Loan Nudges: Experimental Evidence on Borrowing and Educational Attainment. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 11(2), 108-41. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180279
Melguizo, T., Sanchez, F., y Velasco, T. (2016). Credit for Low-Income Students and Access to and Academic Performance in Higher Education in Colombia: A Regression Discontinuity Approach. World Development, 80, 61-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.018
Mendez, J. I., y Bauman, S. (2018). From Migrant Farmworkers to First Generation Latina/o Students: Factors Predicting College Outcomes for Students Participating in the College Assistance Migrant Program. The Review of Higher Education, 42(1), 173-208. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2018.0037
Montalto, C. P., Phillips, E. L., McDaniel, A., & Baker, A. R. (2019). College student financial wellness: Student loans and beyond. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(1), 3-21. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10834-018-9593-4
Moreira, G. D. O., Passeri, S., Velho, P. E. N. F., Ferraresi, F., Appenzeller, S., & Amaral, E. (2019). The academic performance of scholarship students during medical school. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 43(3), 163-169. https://bit.ly/36SVEUt
Ononye, L., & Bong, S. (2018). The Study of the Effectiveness of Scholarship Grant Program on Low-Income Engineering Technology Students. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 18(5), 26-31. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1170100
Paz, E. (2020). Revisión sistemática: inclusión educativa de estudiantes universitarios en situación de discapacidad en América Latina. Estudios pedagógicos (Valdivia), 46(1), 413-429. https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-07052020000100413&lang=pt
Robb, C. A. (2017). College student financial stress: Are the kids alright? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 38(4), 514-527. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10834-017-9527-6
Rodriguez Tapia, C., Caguanco Almeida, G., Rosero Portilla, S., y Coca Freire, D. (2019). Análisis de la incidencia en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes becados tomando en cuenta las horas de estudio y las calificaciones de un grupo de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes. Revista Dilemas Contemporáneos Educación, Política y Valores, VII(1). https://doi.org/10.46377/dilemas.v28i1.1666
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Publicado
2021-07-16
Cómo citar
Gallardo Canales, R., Pinto Inostroza, M., & Aguirre Boza, Álvaro. (2021). Desempeño Académico de Estudiantes Universitarios con Ayudas Financieras: Una Revisión de Literatura. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 26(95), 683-704. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.27.95.16
Número
Sección
En la Mira: Política y gestión pública
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