Water productivity using furrow and drip irrigation in hybrid maize

José   Conde; Sara   Castillo; Leonor  Rivera; Paola  Gálvez

José Conde Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigaciones Multidisciplinario (GIM). Machala, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-1770
Sara Castillo Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigaciones Multidisciplinario (GIM). Machala, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9559-6422
Leonor Rivera Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigaciones Multidisciplinario (GIM). Machala, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-1525
Paola Gálvez Universidad Técnica de Machala - Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Grupo de Investigaciones Multidisciplinario (GIM). Machala, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-2019

Keywords: non-erosive flow, subsurface irrigation, lack of water, slope of the furrows

Abstract

Agriculture is the economic sector that consumes around 70 % of the total water extracted globally, considering itself a victim of its own inefficiency. The present work was oriented to look for irrigation alternatives that allow a greater productivity of water. The trial was carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Technical University of Machala, Ecuador. The amount of water applied to the corn crop through furrow and drip irrigation was evaluated. The treatments were: furrow irrigation, superficial drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation at 20 cm. The trial had a surface area of 450 m², in a completely randomized block experimental design with three treatments and three repetitions. The control of the irrigation regime was carried out through tensiometers installed for each treatment. The volume of water applied and the dry grain yield in irrigation by furrows was 3,484 m³.ha^-1 and 9,175 kg.ha^-1, for surface drip irrigation of 1,452 m³.ha^-1 and 10,200 kg.ha^-1, and for subsurface drip irrigation it was 1,237 m³.ha^-1 and 10,181.2 kg.ha^-1. The water productivity for the furrow irrigation treatment was 2.63 kg.m^-3, for surface drip irrigation it was 7.02 kg.m^-3 and for subsurface drip irrigation at 20 cm it was 8.23 kg.m^-3 being the highest productivity.

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