Efeitos dos níveis de salinidade em Oryza sativa em diferentes estágios fenológicos em casa de vegetação

• Fernando Cobos Mora Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Ecuador. Universidad Nacional Agraria, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8462-9022
• Luz Gómez Pando Universidad Nacional Agraria, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-5179
• Walter Reyes Borja Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-0793
• Edwin Hasang Moran Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6832-2047
• María Ruilova Cueva Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3750-7385
• Perry Lorraine Duran-Canare Philippine Rice Research Institute and Central Luzon State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7528-7961

Palavras-chave: Arroz, estádios fenológicos, níveis de salinidade, fotossíntese, produtividade

Resumo

Nesta pesquisa foram avaliados os componentes agronômicos e de rendimento do arroz, submetido a diferentes níveis de salinidade em diferentes estádios fenológicos. Foi realizado na estufa da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Técnica de Babahoyo, no Equador. Estabeleceu-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial 8 X 3 com quatro repetições, correspondendo a oito fases fenológicas de crescimento em três doses de salinidade (dS.m-1). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que algumas características agronômicas são afetadas por altos níveis de salinidade (7,0 dS.m^-1), apresentando diferenças significativas menores que 0,05 entre os tratamentos, como no caso do vigor cujo nível foi de 7,0 dS. m^-1. Da mesma forma, os níveis de clorofila são significativamente reduzidos entre os tratamentos, sendo o nível de 7,0 dS.m^-1 o mais severo. É evidente o quão altos níveis de salinidade são prejudiciais às variáveis ​​de rendimento, uma vez que a 7,0 dS.m^-1, o peso de 1000 grãos diminuiu em 54 %, enquanto o comprimento da panícula em 68 %. Além disso, afeta outras fenofases como floração, desenvolvimento e encurta seu ciclo vegetativo, principalmente nas fases de germinação, muda, perfilhamento e crescimento do caule.

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