Efecto de la labranza y la densidad de siembra sobre Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz bajo un clima semiárido

• Mohamed Seddik Benattia Laboratory for Improvement and Development of Plant and Animal Production (LADPVA), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1463-4932
• Ramdane Benniou Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-6152
• Amar Mebarkia Laboratory for Improvement and Development of Plant and Animal Production (LADPVA), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-7737
• Abderrahmane Hannachi National Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Setif Research Unit, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-9204
• Dahbia Izountar Laboratory of Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, Salhi Ahmed University Centre of Naama, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3526-5845
• Mouna Dib Laboratory of Natural Substances, Biomolecules and Biotechnological Applications, Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Larbi Ben M’Hidi University, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0695-2665

Palabras clave: cultivos oleaginosos, rendimiento en semillas, contenido de aceite, perfil de ácidos grasos, ácido α-linolénico

Resumen

La cuenca mediterránea se está calentando aproximadamente un 20 % más rápido que el promedio mundial. En los países del sur del Mediterráneo, existe una necesidad urgente de identificar y adoptar cultivos alternativos que combinen rentabilidad con adaptabilidad para los agricultores locales. La camelina (Camelina sativa) se ha propuesto como un candidato para la diversificación. Sin embargo, su rendimiento agronómico en condiciones locales semiáridas sigue siendo poco comprendido. Para abordar esta brecha, se llevó a cabo un estudio de campo en la región de Sétif en Argelia durante dos temporadas agrícolas, examinando los efectos de tres sistemas de labranza (labranza convencional, labranza mínima y siembra directa) y dos densidades de siembra (600 y 800 semillas.m^-2). Los resultados mostraron que la labranza tuvo un efecto significativo en el establecimiento de las plantas, con la mayor emergencia de plántulas (436,28 plantas.m^-2) y la densidad final de plantas a la cosecha (332,22 plantas.m^-2) obtenidas bajo labranza convencional. El rendimiento de semilla fue similar entre el laboreo convencional (120,74 g.m^-2) y el laboreo mínimo (106,94 g.m^-2), y ambos sistemas superaron significativamente a la siembra directa (72,35 g.m^-2). La temporada agrícola se identificó como el factor predominante que influye en la composición de ácidos grasos del aceite de camelina, con ácido α-linolénico que varió entre 30,94 % y 35,22 % y ácido oleico entre 14,33 % y 18,82 %. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la camelina es un cultivo oleaginoso resistente y prometedor capaz de diversificar y fortalecer los sistemas agrícolas en Argelia y en regiones semiáridas similares.

Citas

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