Factores que afectan la calidad global de la leche producida en una zona esteparia semiárida de Argelia

• Nabila Kara Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbes University, Setif 19000, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-3657
• Benalia Yabrir Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ziane Achour University, Djelfa 17000, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-8925
• Abbes Laoun Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ziane Achour University, Djelfa 17000, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5088-2980

Palabras clave: ordeño, lácteos, microbiología, fisicoquímica

Resumen

El objetivo de esta investigación es investigar el efecto de la zona, la estación y el punto de recolección en la calidad de la leche producida en una zona de estepa semiárida de Argelia. Durante las cuatro estaciones del año, separadas en cinco zonas, este estudio se realizó en 334 fincas y 25 colectores. Involucró 1336 muestras de leche. Nuestros resultados muestran que la calidad de la leche está influenciada por estos tres factores. El punto de recogida se comporta de forma similar a la estación, excepto pH. Ellos muestran un efecto altamente significativo (p ≤ 0,01) para Staphylococcus aureus, muy altamente significativo (p ≤ 0,001) para las características fisicoquímicas (acidez, densidad, punto de congelación, humedad, grasas, proteínas y sólidos totales) y microbiológicos (coliformes termotolerantes, gérmenes aerobios a 30 °C, Listeria monocytogenes y Salmonella). El efecto de la zona es significativo (p ≤ 0,05) para Listeria monocytogenes, altamente significativo para punto de congelación y humedad, y muy significativo para los demás parámetros, excepto el contenido de grasa y Salmonella que no fueron influenciados por la zona. Entre otras, el pH no se vio afectado por el punto de recolección. Esta variabilidad en la calidad de la leche es el resultado de los factores antes mencionados, ya sea considerado de forma independiente o en combinación. El punto de recogida resalta el efecto de mezcla. La estación actúa directamente a través de su temperatura (condición de transporte y almacenamiento de la leche) o indirectamente sobre la alimentación de los animales y la zona directamente por su clima o indirectamente a través de su cobertura vegetal.

Citas

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