Sexualidad y afectividad en personas con trastorno del espectro autista: Perspectivas de familiares y profesionales
Palabras clave:
Familia, Hispanoamérica, profesionales sanitarios, sexualidad, trastorno del espectro autista
Resumen
La colaboración entre padres y profesionales es el contexto ideal para proporcionar educación sexual a las personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista, sin embargo, es importante que ambos cuenten con conocimientos y actitudes para tratar adecuadamente estos temas. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las actitudes que familiares y profesionales de habla hispana tienen hacia la sexualidad y afectividad de las personas con trastorno del espectro autista; a través de un estudio cuantitativo comparativo, aplicando un cuestionario sociodemográfico y un cuestionario de actitudes hacia la sexualidad en las personas con trastorno del espectro autista, a una muestra de 158 familiares y profesionales, así como a 158 paciente con trastorno del espectro autista. Los resultados revelan que los familiares presentaron actitudes menos conservadoras hacia la sexualidad que los profesionales, aunque no se reconocen diferencias significativas entre estas actitudes. Se concluye que es importante mejorar la educación sexual de las personas con trastorno del espectro autista, a partir del mejoramiento de las actitudes hacia su abordaje profesional y familiar.
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Abbott, D., y Howarth, J. (2007). Still off a limits? Staff views on supporting gay, lesbian and bisexual people with intellectual disabilities to develop sexual and intimate relationships? Journal of Applied Research Intellectual Disabilities, 20(2), 116-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2006.00312.x
Ailey, S. H., Marks, B. A., Crisp, C., y Hahn, J. E. (2003). Promoting sexuality across the life span for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Nursing Clinics of North America, 38(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-6465(02)00056-7
Aizpuro, O., Pérez, I., García, T., García, F., y Santaya, M. P. (2013). Mesa de Desarrollo Afectivo – Sexual - AETAPI. https://www.yumpu.com/es/document/view/19157795/mesa-de-desarrollo-afectivo-sexual-aetapi
American Psychiatric Association - APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DMS-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association.
Andrews, T. R. (2017). Exploring the impact of a developing sexuality on adolescents with autism [Thesis doctoral, Sheffield Hallam University]. https://doi.org/10.7190/shu-thesis-00084
Barthélémy, C., Fuentes, J., Howlin, P., y Van Der Gaag, R. (2019). People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Identification, understanding, intervention. Autism-Europa.
Bratković, D. (2000). Edukacija o spolnosti osoba s mentalnom retardacijom, Priručnik, Zagreb. Hrvatski savez udruga za osobe s mentalnom retardacijom.
Bruess, C. E., y Greenberg, J. S. (1994). Sexuality education: Theory and practice. WBC Brown & Benchmark, Publishers.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders – Autism and developmental disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 61(3), 1-19.
Charman, T., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Chandler, S., Loucas T., y Baird G. (2011). IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders: data from the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Psychological Medicine, 41(3), 619-627. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710000991
Cuesta, J. L., Sánchez, S., Orozco, M. L., Valenti, A., y Cottini, L. (2016). Trastorno del espectro del autismo: intervención educativa y formación a lo largo de la vida. Psychology, Society & Educatión, 8(2), 157-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v8i2.556
Egemo-Helm, K. R., Miltenberger, R. G., Knudson, P., Finstrom, N., Jostad, C., y Johnson, B. (2007). An evaluation of in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to women with mental retardation. Behavioral Interventions, 22(2), 99-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.234
Fombonne, E. (2005). Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(S-10), 3-8.
Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research, 65(6), 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203
Frawley, P., y Wilson, N. J. (2016). Young people with intellectual disability talking about sexuality education and information. Sexuality and Disability, 34(4), 469-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-016-9460-x
Haracopos, D., y Pedersen, L. (1992). Sexualidad y autismo. Informe Danés. https://autismodiario.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Sexualidad-y-autismo.pdf
Hayashi, M., Arakida, M., y Ohashi, K. (2011). The effectiveness of a sex education program facilitating social skills for people with intellectual disability in Japan. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 36(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2010.549463
Haynes, A. (2016). An investigation into parental attitudes about sexuality and children with intellectual [Thesis of master, University of Seattle]. http://repository.cityu.edu/handle/20.500.11803/7
Hervás, A., y Pont, C. (2020). Desarrollo afectivo-sexual en las personas con trastornos del espectro autista. Medicina, 80(S-2), 7-11.
Howard, J., Copeland, J. N., Gifford, E. J., Lawson, J., Bai, Y., Heilbron, N., y Maslow, G. (2021). Brief report: Classifying rates of students with autism and intellectual disability in North Carolina: Roles of race and economic disadvantage. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(1), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04527-y
Kelly, G., Crowley, H., y Hamilton, C. (2009). Rights, sexuality and relationships in Ireland: ‘It’d be nice to be kind of trusted. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 37(4), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2009.00587.x
Khemka, I., Hickson, L., y Reynolds, G. (2005). Evaluation of a decision a making curriculum designed to empower women with mental retardation to resist abuse. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110(3), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110<193:EOADCD>2.0.CO;2
Konstantareas, M. M., y Lunksy, Y. J. (1997). Sociosexual knowledge, experience, attitudes, and interests of individuals with autistic disorder and developmental delay. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 397-413. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025805405188
Lesseliers, J. (1999). A right to sexuality? British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(4), 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1999.tb00147.x
Leutar, Z., y Mihoković, M. (2007). Level of knowledge about sexuality of people with mental disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 25(3), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-007-9046-8
Madariaga, A., Romero, S., Romera, L., y Lazcano, I. (2021). Personas jóvenes con discapacidad y el papel que juega la familia en su ocio. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i1.35295
Manzone, L. A. (2013). Adaptación y validación del Modified Checklist for Autism in toddler para población urbana argentina. Psicodebate, 13, 79-105. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v13i0.363
Martínez, J. L., Orgaz, B., Vicario-Molina, I., González, E., Carcedo, R. J., Fernández-Fuertes, A. A., y Fuertes, A. (2011). Educación sexual y formación del profesorado en España: Diferencias por sexo, edad, etapa educativa y comunidad autónoma. Magister, 24, 37-47.
Mazurek, M. O. (2016). The history of comorbidity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Comorbid conditions among children with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 3-26). Springer.
Mccarthy, M. (2009). Contraception and women with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research Intellectual Disabilities, 22(4), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00464.x
Meaney-Tavares, R., y Gavidia-Payne, S. (2012). Staff characteristics and attitudes towards the sexuality of people with intellectual disability. Journal of intellectual & Developmental Disability, 37(3), 269-273. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2012.701005
Meinardi, E., Revel, A., Godoy, E., Iglesias, M., Rodríguez, I., Plaza, M. V., y Bonan, L. (2008). Educación para la salud sexual en la formación de profesores en Argentina. Ciência & Educação (Bauru), 14(2), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-73132008000200001
Morell-Mengual, V., Gil-Llario, M. D., Díaz-Rodríguez, I., y Caballero-Gascón, L. (2017). Actitudes de padres, profesionales y población general hacia la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad física e intelectual. Revista Internacional de Psicología del Desarrollo y de la Educación, 4(1), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v4.1040
Murphy, G. H., y O’Callaghan, A. (2004). Capacity of adults with intellectual disabilities to consent to sexual relationships. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1347-1357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704001941
Olavarrieta, S., Darín, L. A. D., Suárez, P., Tur, N., Besteiro, B., y Gómez-Jarabo, G. (2013). Actitudes hacia la sexualidad, esterilización, maternidad/paternidad y habilidades de crianza de personas con discapacidad intelectual: Un estudio preliminar. Revista Siglo Cero, 44(4), 55-69.
Pownall, J. D., Jahoda, A., y Hastings, R. P. (2012). Sexuality and sex education of adolescents with intellectual disability: Mothers’ attitudes, experiences, and support needs. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 50(2), 140-154. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-50.2.140.
Preinfalk-Fernández, M. L. (2015). Sexual education of young university students: Some Key factors and challenges. Revista Electrónica Educare, 19(3), 324-338. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.19-3.19
Ray, F., Marks, C., y Bray-Garretson, H. (2004). Challenges to treating adolescents with Asperger’s syndrome who are sexually abusive. The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 11(4), 265-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160490900614
Rohleder, P. (2010). Educators’ ambivalence and managing anxiety in providing sex education for people with learning disabilities. Psychodynamic Practice, 16(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14753631003688100
Salas, C. (2018). Actitudes de familiares y profesionales hacia la sexualidad y afectividad de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Editorial Académica Española.
Schaafsma, D., Kok, G., Stoffelen, J. M. T., Van Doorn, P., y Curfs, L. M. G. (2014). Identifying the important factors associated with teaching sex education to people with intellectual disability: A cross-sectional survey among paid care staff. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 39(2), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2014.899566
Siebelink, E. M., De Jong, M. D. T., Taal, E., y Roelvink, L. (2006). Sexuality and people with intellectual disabilities: assessment of knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and needs. Mental Retardation, 44(4), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[283:SAPWID]2.0.CO; 2
Simpson, R. L., De Boer, S. R., Griswold, D., Myles, B. S., Byrd, S. E., Ganz, J, Tapscott, K., Otten, K. L., Ben-Arieh, J., Kline, S. A., y Garriott, L. (2005). Autism Spectrum Disorders: Interventions and treatments for children and youth. Corwin Press.
Stokes, M. A., y Kaur, A. (2005). High a functioning autism and sexuality: A parental perspective. Autism, 9(3), 266-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361305053258
Tint, A., Maughan, A. L., y Weiss, J. A. (2017). Community participation of youth with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. JIDR. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 61(2), 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12311
Van Bourgondien, M. E., Reichle, N. C., y Palmer, A. (1997). Sexual behavior in adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025883622452
Villagra, C., Cifuentes, A., Cabreras, C., y Aravena, O. (2017). Percepción del profesorado sobre educación sexual en centros escolares de la Araucanía, Chile. Revista de Orientación Educacional, 31(59), 87-106.
Wong, V., Lai-Hing, S., Wing-Cheong, L., Lok-Sum, J., Po-Ki, P., Wai-Ling, C., Cheuk-Wing, F., y Brian Chung (2004). A modified screening tool for autism (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers [CHAT-23]) for Chinese children. Pediatrics, 114(2), e166-e176. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.2.e166
Yacoub, E., y Hall, I. (2009). The sexual lives of men with mild learning disability: a qualitative study. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 37(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00491.x
Ailey, S. H., Marks, B. A., Crisp, C., y Hahn, J. E. (2003). Promoting sexuality across the life span for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Nursing Clinics of North America, 38(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-6465(02)00056-7
Aizpuro, O., Pérez, I., García, T., García, F., y Santaya, M. P. (2013). Mesa de Desarrollo Afectivo – Sexual - AETAPI. https://www.yumpu.com/es/document/view/19157795/mesa-de-desarrollo-afectivo-sexual-aetapi
American Psychiatric Association - APA (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DMS-5-TR). American Psychiatric Association.
Andrews, T. R. (2017). Exploring the impact of a developing sexuality on adolescents with autism [Thesis doctoral, Sheffield Hallam University]. https://doi.org/10.7190/shu-thesis-00084
Barthélémy, C., Fuentes, J., Howlin, P., y Van Der Gaag, R. (2019). People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Identification, understanding, intervention. Autism-Europa.
Bratković, D. (2000). Edukacija o spolnosti osoba s mentalnom retardacijom, Priručnik, Zagreb. Hrvatski savez udruga za osobe s mentalnom retardacijom.
Bruess, C. E., y Greenberg, J. S. (1994). Sexuality education: Theory and practice. WBC Brown & Benchmark, Publishers.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders – Autism and developmental disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 61(3), 1-19.
Charman, T., Pickles, A., Simonoff, E., Chandler, S., Loucas T., y Baird G. (2011). IQ in children with autism spectrum disorders: data from the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP). Psychological Medicine, 41(3), 619-627. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710000991
Cuesta, J. L., Sánchez, S., Orozco, M. L., Valenti, A., y Cottini, L. (2016). Trastorno del espectro del autismo: intervención educativa y formación a lo largo de la vida. Psychology, Society & Educatión, 8(2), 157-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v8i2.556
Egemo-Helm, K. R., Miltenberger, R. G., Knudson, P., Finstrom, N., Jostad, C., y Johnson, B. (2007). An evaluation of in situ training to teach sexual abuse prevention skills to women with mental retardation. Behavioral Interventions, 22(2), 99-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/bin.234
Fombonne, E. (2005). Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(S-10), 3-8.
Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research, 65(6), 591-598. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819e7203
Frawley, P., y Wilson, N. J. (2016). Young people with intellectual disability talking about sexuality education and information. Sexuality and Disability, 34(4), 469-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-016-9460-x
Haracopos, D., y Pedersen, L. (1992). Sexualidad y autismo. Informe Danés. https://autismodiario.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Sexualidad-y-autismo.pdf
Hayashi, M., Arakida, M., y Ohashi, K. (2011). The effectiveness of a sex education program facilitating social skills for people with intellectual disability in Japan. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 36(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2010.549463
Haynes, A. (2016). An investigation into parental attitudes about sexuality and children with intellectual [Thesis of master, University of Seattle]. http://repository.cityu.edu/handle/20.500.11803/7
Hervás, A., y Pont, C. (2020). Desarrollo afectivo-sexual en las personas con trastornos del espectro autista. Medicina, 80(S-2), 7-11.
Howard, J., Copeland, J. N., Gifford, E. J., Lawson, J., Bai, Y., Heilbron, N., y Maslow, G. (2021). Brief report: Classifying rates of students with autism and intellectual disability in North Carolina: Roles of race and economic disadvantage. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(1), 307-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04527-y
Kelly, G., Crowley, H., y Hamilton, C. (2009). Rights, sexuality and relationships in Ireland: ‘It’d be nice to be kind of trusted. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 37(4), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2009.00587.x
Khemka, I., Hickson, L., y Reynolds, G. (2005). Evaluation of a decision a making curriculum designed to empower women with mental retardation to resist abuse. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110(3), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2005)110<193:EOADCD>2.0.CO;2
Konstantareas, M. M., y Lunksy, Y. J. (1997). Sociosexual knowledge, experience, attitudes, and interests of individuals with autistic disorder and developmental delay. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 397-413. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025805405188
Lesseliers, J. (1999). A right to sexuality? British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(4), 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1999.tb00147.x
Leutar, Z., y Mihoković, M. (2007). Level of knowledge about sexuality of people with mental disabilities. Sexuality and Disability, 25(3), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11195-007-9046-8
Madariaga, A., Romero, S., Romera, L., y Lazcano, I. (2021). Personas jóvenes con discapacidad y el papel que juega la familia en su ocio. Revista de Ciencias Sociales (Ve), XXVII(1), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v27i1.35295
Manzone, L. A. (2013). Adaptación y validación del Modified Checklist for Autism in toddler para población urbana argentina. Psicodebate, 13, 79-105. https://doi.org/10.18682/pd.v13i0.363
Martínez, J. L., Orgaz, B., Vicario-Molina, I., González, E., Carcedo, R. J., Fernández-Fuertes, A. A., y Fuertes, A. (2011). Educación sexual y formación del profesorado en España: Diferencias por sexo, edad, etapa educativa y comunidad autónoma. Magister, 24, 37-47.
Mazurek, M. O. (2016). The history of comorbidity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Comorbid conditions among children with autism spectrum disorders (pp. 3-26). Springer.
Mccarthy, M. (2009). Contraception and women with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research Intellectual Disabilities, 22(4), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00464.x
Meaney-Tavares, R., y Gavidia-Payne, S. (2012). Staff characteristics and attitudes towards the sexuality of people with intellectual disability. Journal of intellectual & Developmental Disability, 37(3), 269-273. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2012.701005
Meinardi, E., Revel, A., Godoy, E., Iglesias, M., Rodríguez, I., Plaza, M. V., y Bonan, L. (2008). Educación para la salud sexual en la formación de profesores en Argentina. Ciência & Educação (Bauru), 14(2), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-73132008000200001
Morell-Mengual, V., Gil-Llario, M. D., Díaz-Rodríguez, I., y Caballero-Gascón, L. (2017). Actitudes de padres, profesionales y población general hacia la sexualidad de las personas con discapacidad física e intelectual. Revista Internacional de Psicología del Desarrollo y de la Educación, 4(1), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v4.1040
Murphy, G. H., y O’Callaghan, A. (2004). Capacity of adults with intellectual disabilities to consent to sexual relationships. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1347-1357. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704001941
Olavarrieta, S., Darín, L. A. D., Suárez, P., Tur, N., Besteiro, B., y Gómez-Jarabo, G. (2013). Actitudes hacia la sexualidad, esterilización, maternidad/paternidad y habilidades de crianza de personas con discapacidad intelectual: Un estudio preliminar. Revista Siglo Cero, 44(4), 55-69.
Pownall, J. D., Jahoda, A., y Hastings, R. P. (2012). Sexuality and sex education of adolescents with intellectual disability: Mothers’ attitudes, experiences, and support needs. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 50(2), 140-154. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-50.2.140.
Preinfalk-Fernández, M. L. (2015). Sexual education of young university students: Some Key factors and challenges. Revista Electrónica Educare, 19(3), 324-338. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.19-3.19
Ray, F., Marks, C., y Bray-Garretson, H. (2004). Challenges to treating adolescents with Asperger’s syndrome who are sexually abusive. The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 11(4), 265-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160490900614
Rohleder, P. (2010). Educators’ ambivalence and managing anxiety in providing sex education for people with learning disabilities. Psychodynamic Practice, 16(2), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/14753631003688100
Salas, C. (2018). Actitudes de familiares y profesionales hacia la sexualidad y afectividad de personas con discapacidad intelectual. Editorial Académica Española.
Schaafsma, D., Kok, G., Stoffelen, J. M. T., Van Doorn, P., y Curfs, L. M. G. (2014). Identifying the important factors associated with teaching sex education to people with intellectual disability: A cross-sectional survey among paid care staff. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 39(2), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2014.899566
Siebelink, E. M., De Jong, M. D. T., Taal, E., y Roelvink, L. (2006). Sexuality and people with intellectual disabilities: assessment of knowledge, attitudes, experiences, and needs. Mental Retardation, 44(4), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2006)44[283:SAPWID]2.0.CO; 2
Simpson, R. L., De Boer, S. R., Griswold, D., Myles, B. S., Byrd, S. E., Ganz, J, Tapscott, K., Otten, K. L., Ben-Arieh, J., Kline, S. A., y Garriott, L. (2005). Autism Spectrum Disorders: Interventions and treatments for children and youth. Corwin Press.
Stokes, M. A., y Kaur, A. (2005). High a functioning autism and sexuality: A parental perspective. Autism, 9(3), 266-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361305053258
Tint, A., Maughan, A. L., y Weiss, J. A. (2017). Community participation of youth with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. JIDR. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 61(2), 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12311
Van Bourgondien, M. E., Reichle, N. C., y Palmer, A. (1997). Sexual behavior in adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025883622452
Villagra, C., Cifuentes, A., Cabreras, C., y Aravena, O. (2017). Percepción del profesorado sobre educación sexual en centros escolares de la Araucanía, Chile. Revista de Orientación Educacional, 31(59), 87-106.
Wong, V., Lai-Hing, S., Wing-Cheong, L., Lok-Sum, J., Po-Ki, P., Wai-Ling, C., Cheuk-Wing, F., y Brian Chung (2004). A modified screening tool for autism (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers [CHAT-23]) for Chinese children. Pediatrics, 114(2), e166-e176. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.2.e166
Yacoub, E., y Hall, I. (2009). The sexual lives of men with mild learning disability: a qualitative study. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 37(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.2008.00491.x
Publicado
2022-07-19
Cómo citar
Manzone, L. A., Cuesta Gómez, J. L., Muñoz Delaunoy, I., & Santamaría Conde, R. M. (2022). Sexualidad y afectividad en personas con trastorno del espectro autista: Perspectivas de familiares y profesionales. Revista De Ciencias Sociales, 28(3), 376-389. https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v28i3.38481
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