The Effect Of External Audit Quality On Profit Management

  • Abdul Hussein Tawfiq Shibli
  • Jalil Ibrahim Saleh
  • Nahla Ghaleb Abdul Rahman
Palabras clave: audit quality, profit management, Iraqi industrial companies

Resumen

This study aims to identify the extent of the practice of Iraqi industrial compa- nies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange for profit management on the one hand, and on the other hand to identify the most important factors that affect the practice of profit management and the characteristics of audit quality (the size of the audit office, the period of customer retention, the audit office link With global auditing offices, specializing in the customer’s industry, audit fees), and showing the type of relationship between each of the characteristics of audit quality and profit management, and to achieve the goals of the study a model was built to measure the relationship between the quality of the audit quality and the profit tool, and many methods were used Statistics such as Binomial Test for the first major silver test, and Binary Logit to test the other five hy- potheses. One of the findings of the study is that the Iraqi industrial companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange exercise profit management during the var- ious study years for the period of (2012-2017), despite the presence of variance during those years, and this is clearly shown in my two years (2016-2017) As the year 2016 was the lowest year in the practice of profit management, as the practice rate reached 16% of the sample companies, and in contrast, the year 2017 was one of the sharpest years in the practice of profit management, as the practice rate reached 64% of the sample companies, as well as “ There is a statistically significant effect for each property (independent variable) of the quality of the audit On the practice of profit management, while there is no statistically significant effect of the association of the audit office with global auditing offices on the practice of profit manage- ment, and in light of the results of the study, the researchers recommend- ed a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the es- tablishment of a control committee that works to provide a high-quality audit environment that works to limit practices Unwanted practices such as profit management practice, as well as making investors and corporate departments aware of the negative effects of profit management practices on their investment decisions.

Biografía del autor/a

Abdul Hussein Tawfiq Shibli
Assist Prof. Dr. University Basra\ Economic & Administration College
Jalil Ibrahim Saleh
Assist Lecture Southern Technical University Technical College of Administration of Basra
Nahla Ghaleb Abdul Rahman
Lecture Southern Technical University Technical Institute of Basra

Citas

Abner, R. A., & Ferrer, R. C. (2017). Impact Of Real Earnings Manage- ment On Financial Performance And Firm Value: Evidence From The Philippines. Copyright 2017 By Institute For Global Business Research, Nashville, Tn, Usa, 36.

Abner, R. A., & Ferrer, R. C. (2019). The Role of Corporate Social Re- sponsibility on the Link of Real Earnings Management With Financial Performance and Firm Value of Publicly Listed Companies in the Philip- pines. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 19(2).

Agyei-Mensah, B. K.,& Yeboah, M. (2019). Effective audit committee, audit quality and earnings management: evidence from the Ghana Stock Exchange. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 11(2), 93-112.

Alareeni, B. (2018). The impact of firm-specific characteristics on earn- ings management: evidence from GCC countries. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 10(2), 85-104.

Alhelou, E. M., Taweel, A. L., Al Shobaki, M. J., & Abu-Naser, S. S. (2018). Audit on Environmental Sustainability of Accounting Activities and its Impact on Maximizing the Value of the Enterprise as a Framework Proposed by the Auditors.

Almahrog, Y., Ali Aribi, Z., & Arun, T. (2018). Earnings management and corporate social responsibility: UK evidence. Journal of Financial Report- ing and Accounting, 16(2), 311-332.

Al-Najjar, B. (2017). Corporate governance and CEO pay: Evidence from UK Travel and Leisure listed firms. Tourism Management, 60, 9-14.

AL-Qadasi, A. A., Abidin, S., & Al-Jaifi, H. A. (2019). The puzzle of inter- nal audit function budget toward specialist auditor choice and audit fees: Does family ownership matter? Malaysian evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(2), 208-243.

Alsharairi, M., & Iqtait, K. (2017). Some restraints of earnings manage- ment incidence: evidence from FTSE-350. International Journal of Mana- gerial and Financial Accounting, 9(4), 384-400.

Al-Sraheen, D. A. A. D. O. (2019). The role of the audit committee in mod- erating the negative effect of non-audit services on earnings management among industrial firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. Afro-Asian Journal of Finance and Accounting, 9(3), 349-361 .

Amidu, M., & Yorke, S. M. (2017). Tax avoidance and earnings manage- ment of firms in Ghana: does the funding strategy matter?. International Journal of Critical Accounting, 9(3), 238-2 .

Amoh, J. K., & Adom, P. K. (2017). The determinants of tax revenue growth of an emerging economy–the case of Ghana. International Journal of Economics and Accounting, 8(3-4), 337-353.

Antonopoulos, G. A., Di Nicola, A., Rusev, A., & Terenghi, F. (2019). Human Trafficking and Its Financial Management in Bulgaria. In Human Trafficking Finances (pp. 1-26). Springer, Cham.

Anugra, S. R., & Siregar, S. V. N. P. (2019, January). Corporate social re- sponsibility and earnings management in the banking industry in Indonesia: A simultaneous approach paper. In 32nd International Business Informa- tion Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2018 (pp. 3632-3642). International Business Information Management Association, IBIMA .

Astami, E. W., Rusmin, R., Hartadi, B., & Evans, J. (2017). The role of audit quality and culture influence on earnings management in companies with excessive free cash flow: Evidence from the Asia-Pacific region. In- ternational Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 25(1), 21- .42

Awadallah, E. (2018). Auditor-client negotiations: applying the dual con- cerns model in an emerging economy. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 10(3), 250-272.

Azizkhani, M., Daghani, R., & Shailer, G. (2018). Audit firm tenure and audit quality in a constrained market. The International Journal of Ac- counting, 53(3), 167-182.

Baatour, K., Ben Othman, H., & Hussainey, K. (2017). The effect of mul- tiple directorships on real and accrual-based earnings management: Evi- dence from Saudi listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 30(4), 395- ‏.412

Barghathi, Y. (2019). Financial reporting quality and earnings manage- ment in Libyan banks: stakeholders’ perceptions. African Journal of Ac- counting, Auditing and Finance, 6(3), 177-200.

Barghathi, Y., Collison, D., & Crawford, L. (2017). Earnings management in Libyan commercial banks: perceptions of stakeholders. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 13(2), 123-

Barghathi, Y., Collison, D., & Crawford, L. (2017). Earnings management in Libyan commercial banks: perceptions of stakeholders. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 13(2), 123- 149.

Baudot, L., Demek, K. C., & Huang, Z. (2018). The accounting profes- sion’s engagement with accounting standards: Conceptualizing accounting complexity through Big 4 comment letters. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 37(2), 175-196 .

Benati, I., & Coccia, M. (2018). General trends and causes of high com- pensation of government managers in the OECD countries. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(12), 1018-1031.

Berger, T., & Gleissner, W. (2018). Integrated management systems: link- ing risk management and management control systems. International Jour- nal of Risk Assessment and Management, 21(3), 215-231.

Bhaskar, K., & Flower, J. (2019). Financial Failures and Scandals: From Enron to Carillion. Routledge.

Bhaskar, L. S., Schroeder, J. H., & Shepardson, M. L. (2018). Integration of Internal Control and Financial Statement Audits: Are Two Audits Better than One?. The Accounting Review, 94(2), 53-81.

Binti, Nono, L., & Khomsatun, S. (2018). The Relationship of Reserve Account Disclosure Transparency and Accrual Earning Management with Audit Quality as Moderating. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi, 10(1), 58-70.

Blay, A. D., Gooden, E. S., Mellon, M. J., & Stevens, D. E. (2018). The usefulness of social norm theory in empirical business ethics research: A review and suggestions for future research. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(1), 191-206.

Blocher, J., & Ringgenberg, M. (2018). Stock options, stock loans, and the law of one price. Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management Research Paper, (3087563).

Boemer, M. (2019). Service organization control reporting-the conver- gences and divergences between ISAE 3402 and SSAE 18 under the scope of SOC 1.

Boiral, O., Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., & Brotherton, M. C. (2019). Assessing and improving the quality of sustainability reports: The auditors’ perspec- tive. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(3), 703-721.

Boskou, G., Kirkos, E., & Spathis, C. (2019). Classifying internal audit quality using textual analysis: the case of auditor selection. Managerial Auditing Journal.

Brahmana, R. K., Tan, M. Y., & You, H. W. (2018). Corporate environ- mental disclosure and earning management. International Journal of Green Economics, 12(3-4), 308-321.

Breton, G., & Breton, G. (2018). Accounting in the Scientific Institution’, A Postmodern Accounting Theory .

Briamonte, M. F., Addeo, F., Fiano, F., & Sorrentino, M. (2017). The effect of pyramidal structures on earnings management: Evidence from Italian listed companies. Corporate Ownership & Control, 14(3), 64-73 .

Brivot, M., Roussy, M., & Mayer, M. (2018). Conventions of Audit Quali- ty: The Perspective of Public and Private Company Audit Partners. Audit- ing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 37(2), 51-71.

Broberg, P., Tagesson, T., Argento, D., Gyllengahm, N., & Mårtensson, O. (2017). Explaining the influence of time budget pressure on audit quality in Sweden. Journal of Management & Governance, 21(2), 331-350.

Brown, J. O., & Popova, V. (2019). How Do Investors Respond to Dis- closure of Audit Quality Indicators?. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory.

Buallay, A. M., Hamdan, A. M. M., Zureigat, Q., & Dhaen, E. S. A. (2019). Does voluntary disclosures contributed to the intellectual capital efficien- cy?. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 16(2), 145-179.

Burnett, B., Chen, H., & Gunny, K. (2018). Auditor-provided lobbying service and audit quality. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 33(3), 402-434.

Cameran, M., Campa, D., & Francis, J. R. (2018). Audit effects of ac- counting firm organization levels. Available at SSRN 3157562.

Chen, W., Hribar, P., & Melessa, S. (2018). Incorrect inferences when using residuals as dependent variables. Journal of Accounting Research, 56(3), 751-796.

Chowdhury, M. S. I., Ferdous, F., & Faruk, M. O. (2018). Linkage between Corporate Governance and Financial Performance in an Emerging Econo- my. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(4).

Christensen, B. E., Glover, S. M., Omer, T. C., & Shelley, M. K. (2016). Understanding audit quality: Insights from audit professionals and inves- tors. Contemporary Accounting Research, 33(4), 1648-1684.

Christina, S., & Alexander, N. (2019, February). Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Earnings Management. In 5th Annual International Conference on Accounting Research (AICAR 2018). Atlantis Press.

Chu, L., Simunic, D. A., Ye, M., & Zhang, P. (2018). Transaction costs and competition among audit firms in local markets. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 65(1), 129-147.

Coffie, W., Bedi, I., & Amidu, M. (2018). The effects of audit quality on the costs of capital of firms in Ghana. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 16(4), 639-659.

Couso, I., Borgelt, C., Hullermeier, E., & Kruse, R. (2019). Fuzzy Sets in Data Analysis: From Statistical Foundations to Machine Learning. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 14(1), 31-44.

Cuong, N. T., & Ha, N. T. T. (2018). Influence of Financial Ratios on Earn-ings Management: Evidence from Vietnam Stock Exchange Market. Jour- nal of Insurance and Financial Management, 4(1), 57-77.

D’Agostino, R. B. (2017). Tests for the normal distribution. In Goodness- of-fit-techniques (pp. 367-420). Routledge.

Davis, J., Batchelor, J. H., & Kreiser, P. (2019). The influence of organ- izational task environment and firm size on top-executive compensation contracts. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 31(1), 21-42.

Dawd, I., & Charfeddine, L. (2019). Effect of aggregate, mandatory and voluntary disclosure on firm performance in a developing market: the case of Kuwait. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 15(1), 31-56.

Diaz, J., Njoroge, K., & Shane, P. B. (2019). 10K Complexity and the Market Efficiency and Information Asymmetry Implications of Analysts’ Annual Earnings Forecasts. Available at SSRN 3337793.

Ding, R., Li, J., & Wu, Z. (2018). Government affiliation, real earnings management, and firm performance: The case of privately held firms. Jour- nal of Business Research, 83, 138-150.

Edmans, A., Gabaix, X., & Jenter, D. (2017). Executive compensation: A survey of theory and evidence. In The handbook of the economics of cor- porate governance (Vol. 1, pp. 383-539). North-Holland.

Ehsan, S., Abbas, Q., & Nawaz, A. (2018). An inquiry into the Relation- ship between Earnings’ Management, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance. Abasyn University Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1) .

Elyasiani, Elyas, Yuan Wen, and Rongrong Zhang. “Institutional owner- ship and earning management by bank holding companies.” Journal of Financial Research 40.2 (2017): 147-178 .

Ernfjord, K., & Voigt, M. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure and Earnings Management.

Ernstberger, J., Koch, C., Schreiber, E. M., & Trompeter, G. (2019). Are Audit Firms’ Compensation Policies Associated With Audit Quality?. Contemporary Accounting Research.

Faisal, F., Prasetya, A. R., Chariri, A., & Haryanto, H. (2018). The rela- tionship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and earnings management: is it a complement mechanism or a substitute mechanism?. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics.

Faisal, F., Prasetya, A. R., Chariri, A., & Haryanto, H. (2018). The rela- tionship between corporate social responsibility disclosure and earnings management: is it a complement mechanism or a substitute mechanism?. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics.

Fantazy, K. A., & Athmay, A. A. A. R. A. (2019). Relationships between sales managers and sales ethical behaviour: emerging market perspective. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 11(1), 1-26.

Farhan, M. (2018). Analysis Of Sustainability Report Disclosure Towards Financial Performance With Earning Management As Moderating Varia- ble (Doctoral Dissertation, President University).

Finkler, S. A., Smith, D. L., & Calabrese, T. D. (2018). Financial manage- ment for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. CQ Press.

Fung, M. K., Cheng, L. T., & Leung, T. Y. (2019). The signalling cost of hiring a large auditor: evidence from the fee differential between large and small auditors. International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 12(3), 196-211.

Fung, S. Y. K., Raman, K. K., & Zhu, X. K. (2017). Does the PCAOB international inspection program improve audit quality for non-US-listed foreign clients?. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 64(1), 15-36.

Gabrielsson, J., & Huse, M. (2017). Governance theory: Origins and im- plications for researching boards and governance in entrepreneurial firms. Handbook of research on corporate governance and entrepreneurship, 27- 60.

Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2018). A systematic approach to diagnose the current status of quality management systems and business processes. Business Process Management Journal, 24(1), 216-233.

Gaynor, L. M., Kelton, A. S., Mercer, M., & Yohn, T. L. (2016). Under- standing the relation between financial reporting quality and audit quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 35(4), 1-22.

Geisler, E., & Turchetti, G. (2018). Conduit versus content: a model of the firm’s market involvement and organisational competitiveness. Inter- national Journal of Technology Management, 76(1-2), 137-162.

Georgiou, C., Grose, C., & Archontakis, F. (2019). Predictable risks and returns: further evidence from the UK stock market. International Journal of Financial Markets and Derivatives, 7(1), 68-100.

Gerakos, J., & Syverson, C. (2017). Audit firms face downward-sloping demand curves and the audit market is far from perfectly competitive. Re- view of Accounting Studies, 22(4), 1582-1594.

Glover, S. M., Taylor, M. H., Wu, Y. J., & Trotman, K. T. (2018). Mind the gap: Why do experts have differences of opinion regarding the sufficiency of audit evidence supporting complex fair value measurements?. Contem- porary Accounting Research.

Grecco, M. C. P., Geron, C. M. S., & Grecco, G. B. (2017). Corporate So- cial Responsibility and its Relation with Performance and Earnings Man- agement. Contabilidade Vista & Revista, 28(1), 25-44.

Guillamón-Saorín, E., Guiral, A., & Blanco, B. (2018). Managing risk with socially responsible actions in firms involved in controversial activities and earnings management. Spanish Journal of Finance and Accounting/ Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, 47(1), 1-24.

Hbaieb, I. H., & Omri, M. A. B. (2019). Tax management and tax fraud: evidence from Tunisian companies. International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, 11(2), 132-144.

He, X., Pittman, J. A., Rui, O. M., & Wu, D. (2017). Do social ties between external auditors and audit committee members affect audit quality?. The Accounting Review, 92(5), 61-87.

Hoelscher, J., Reed, B. J., & Sierra, G. (2019). The effect of insured liabil- ities on the demand for external audits: The case of privately‐held United States banks. Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 30(3), 8-19.

Hsu, C. C., Huang, W. Y., & Lee, J. Y. (2019). Research on the Motivation and Attitude of College students’ Physical Education in Taiwan. Interna- tional Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 8(1), 95-109.

Hundal, S. (2019). Corporate boards and audit committees in India–The impact of independence and busyness of corporate boards and audit com- mittees on firm performance and financial reporting quality. JYU disser- tations.

Hundal, S. (2019). Corporate boards and audit committees in India–The impact of independence and busyness of corporate boards and audit com- mittees on firm performance and financial reporting quality. JYU disser- tations.

Idris, M. I., Siam, Y. I. A., & Ahmad, A. L. (2018). The impact of external auditor size on the relationship between audit committee effectiveness and earnings management. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, ‏.122 ,)3(15

Islam, M. A., Deegan, C., & Gray, R. (2018). Social compliance audits and multinational corporation supply chain: evidence from a study of the rit- uals of social audits. Accounting and Business Research, 48(2), 190-224.

Ittonen, K., Tronnes, P., & Vähämaa, S. (2018). Do former auditors on the audit committee constrain earnings management? Evidence from the bank- ing industry. Evidence from the Banking Industry (December 03, 2018). Iwasaki, T., Otomasa, S., Shiiba, A., & Shuto, A. (2018). The role of ac- counting conservatism in executive compensation contracts. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 45(9-10), 1139-1163.

Jaggi, B., Xin, H. C., & Ronen, J. (2019). Management Earnings Fore- casts and Accounting Conservatism. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 0148558X19865432.

Jähn, H. (2017). Towards an order-related allocation of profit in networked manufacturing structures. International Journal of Decision Sciences, Risk and Management, 7(3), 232-254.

Jiang, L., Kling, G., Bo, H., & Driver, C. (2017). Why do firms adopt stock options and who benefits? A natural experiment in China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 46, 124-140.

Jouini, F., & Saied, M. (2018). Effect and interaction between external audit quality and ownership structure on earnings management for list- ed French companies. International Journal of Critical Accounting, 10(2), 130-151.

Kaya, I. (2017). Accounting Choices In Corporate Financial Reporting: A Literature Review Of Positive Accounting Theory. Accounting And Cor- porate Reporting, 129 .

Khani, M. K., & Noroozian, M. (2018). Analyzing the Effective Factors on Internal Audit Quality of Health Insurance Organization of Iran. Inter- national Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Man- agement Sciences, 8(1), 19-25.

Kladivko, K., & Zervos, M. (2017). Valuation of Employee Stock Op- tions (ESOs) by means of Mean-Variance Hedging. arXiv preprint arX- iv:1710.00897.

Kolsi, M.C.,& Attayah, O. F. (2018). Are socially responsible firms less engaged in earnings management? Evidence from ADX listed companies. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 17(4), 536- 560.

Kowaleski, Z. T., Mayhew, B. W., & Tegeler, A. C. (2018). The impact of consulting services on audit quality: An experimental approach. Journal of Accounting Research, 56(2), 673-711.

Kräusche, K., & Pilz, S. (2018). Integrated sustainability reporting at HNE Eberswalde–a practice report. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 19(2), 291-312.

Krishnan, G. V., Patatoukas, P. N., & Wang, A. Y. (2018). Customer-base concentration: Implications for audit pricing and quality. Journal of Man- agement Accounting Research, 31(1), 129-152 .

Kumar, S. S., & Nandamohan, V. (2018). Dynamics of randomness and efficiency in the Indian stock markets. International Journal of Financial Markets and Derivatives, 6(4), 287-320.

Laksmi, A. C., & Kamila, Z. (2018). The effect of good corporate govern- ance and earnings management to corporate social responsibility disclo- sure. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal.

Lanati, A. (2018). Quality Management in Scientific Research: Challeng- ing Irreproducibility of Scientific Results. Springer.

Lennox , C. S., Schmidt, J. J., & Thompson, A. (2018). Is the expanded model of audit reporting informative to investors? Evidence from the UK. Evidence from the UK (June 18, 2018).

Lin, J. W., & Hwang, M. I. (2010). Audit quality, corporate governance, and earnings management: A meta‐analysis. International Journal of Au- diting, 14(1), 57- .

Liu, M., Shi, Y., Wilson, C., & Wu, Z. (2017). Does family involvement explain why corporate social responsibility affects earnings management?. Journal of Business Research, 75, 8-16.

Liu, W., & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2018). Enhancing product innovation per- formance in a dysfunctional competitive environment: The roles of com- petitive strategies and market-based assets. Industrial Marketing Manage- ment, 73, 7-20.

López-González, E., Martinez-Ferrero, J., & García-Meca, E. (2019). Does corporate social responsibility affect earnings management? Evi- dence from family firms. Revista de Contabilidad-Spanish Accounting Review, 22(2), 233-247.

Louis, H., Robinson, D., & Sun, A. X. (2019). Perceived Audit Quality and Firm Value: Evidence From Investors’ Reaction to the Revelation of Limiting Liability Agreements in Audit Engagement Letters. Available at SSRN 3347397.

Maji, S. G., & Goswami, M. (2017). Intellectual capital and firm perfor- mance in India: a comparative study between original and modified value added intellectual coefficient model. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 14(1), 76-89.

Martin, G. P., Wiseman, R. M., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2019). The interac- tive effect of monitoring and incentive alignment on agency costs. Journal of Management, 45(2), 701-727.

Masri, I., Syakhroza, A., Wardhani, R., & Samingun. (2019). The role of tax risk management in international tax avoidance practices: evidence from Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 12(3-4), 311-322.

McDonnell, M. H., Pierce, S., & Thornock, J. R. (2019). Looking your Worst: Downward Earnings Management after Activist Challenges. Avail- able at SSRN.

Michalski, M., Botella, J. L. M., & Figiel, A. (2018). Corporate social responsibility in supply chain management: a new model approach. Inter- national Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 30(4), 477-502. Moratis, L., & van Egmond, M. (2018). Concealing social responsibility? Investigating the relationship between CSR, earnings management and the effect of industry through quantitative analysis. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 3(1), 8.

Muller, S., Mutel, C., Lesage, P., & Samson, R. (2018). Effects of dis- tribution choice on the modeling of life cycle inventory uncertainty: an assessment on the ecoinvent v2. 2 database. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 22(2), 300-313.

Mutuc, E. B., Lee, J. S., & Tsai, F. S. (2019). Doing Good with Creative Accounting? Linking Corporate Social Responsibility to Earnings Man- agement in Market Economy, Country and Business Sector Contexts. Sus- tainability, 11(17), 4568.

Nair, R. (2019). Does Mandatory Csr Legislation Facilitate Earnings Management? Evidence From India. Fifi-2019.

Nerudová, D., Solilová, V., Dobranschi, M., & Litzman, M. (2019). Profit shifting behaviour between sisters companies: the case of Czech Republic. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 12(3-4), 300-310.

Niemi, L., Knechel, W. R., Ojala, H., & Collis, J. (2018). Responsiveness of auditors to the audit risk standards: Unique evidence from Big 4 audit firms. Accounting in Europe, 15(1), 33-54 .

Park, K. (2017). Pay disparities within top management teams and earning management. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 36(1), 59-81.

Paton, C., Cookson, J., Ferrier, I. N., Bhatti, S., Fagan, E., & Barnes, T. R. (2018). A UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age. BMJ open, 8(4), e020450.

Persakis, A., & Iatridis, G. E. (2016). Audit quality, investor protection and earnings management during the financial crisis of 2008: An international perspective. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 41, 73-101 .

Picciafuoco, T., Morbidelli, R., Flammini, A., Saltalippi, C., Corradini, C., Strauss, P., & Blöschl, G. (2019). On the estimation of spatially represent- ative plot scale saturated hydraulic conductivity in an agricultural setting. Journal of hydrology, 570, 106-117.

Pittman, J., Stein, S. E., & Valentine, D. F. (2019). Audit Partners’ Risk Tolerance and the Impact on Audit Quality. Available at SSRN 3311682.

Pool, J. K., Jamkhaneh, H. B., Tabaeeian, R. A., Tavakoli, H., & Shahin, A. (2018). The effect of business intelligence adoption on agile supply chain performance. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Manage- ment, 23(3), 289-306.

Pratiwi, I. S., & Siregar, S. V. (2019). The Effect of Corporate Social Re- sponsibility on Tax Avoidance and Earnings Management: The Moderat- ing Role of Political Connections. International Journal of Business, 24(3).

Pucheta‐Martínez, M. C., Bel‐Oms, I., & Rodrigues, L. L. (2019). The engagement of auditors in the reporting of corporate social responsibility information. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Manage- ment, 26(1), 46-56.

Quick, R., Schenk, N., Schmidt, F., & Towara, T. (2018). The impact of corporate governance on auditor choice: evidence from Germany. Journal of Management and Governance, 22(2), 251-283.

Rahardjo, S., Devie, D., & Mangoting, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Corporate So- cial Responsibility Terhadap Financial Performance Dengan Tax Avoid- ance Dan Earning Management Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Petra Business and Management Review, 5(1).

Rahardjo, S., Devie, D., & Mangoting, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Corporate So- cial Responsibility Terhadap Financial Performance Dengan Tax Avoid- ance Dan Earning Management Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Petra Business and Management Review, 5(1).

Ranjbarian, S., Rezaei, A. Z., & Azizi, A. (2017). A Study on the Relation- ship between Proprietorship Concentration and Profit Management in the Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Revista Administração em Diálogo-RAD, 19, 72-86.

Reding, K. F., & Newman, C. (2017). Improving critical thinking through data analysis: the process for analyzing data provides accountants, finan- cial managers, and auditors an opportunity to develop and grow their crit- ical thinking skills. Strategic Finance, 98(12), 48-55.

Reid, L. C., Carcello, J. V., Li, C., Neal, T. L., & Francis, J. R. (2018). Impact of auditor report changes on financial reporting quality and audit costs: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Contemporary Accounting Re- search.

Reid, L. C., Carcello, J. V., Li, C., Neal, T. L., & Francis, J. R. (2018). Impact of auditor report changes on financial reporting quality and audit costs: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Contemporary Accounting Research

Rissman, P., & Kearney, D. (2019). Rise Of The Shadow Esg Regulators: Investment Advisers, Sustainability Accounting, And Their Effects On Corporate Social Responsibility. Sustainability Accounting, And Their Ef- fects On Corporate Social Responsibility (February 1, 2019), 49.

Rummell, J. E., DeZoort, F. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2018). Does Audit Firm Tenure Matter to Audit Committee Members? Evidence from an Ac- counting Dispute. Accounting Horizons.

Sampet, J., Sarapaivanich, N., & Patterson, P. (2019). The role of client participation and psychological comfort in driving perceptions of audit quality: Evidence from an emerging economy. Asian Review of Account- ing, 27(2), 177-195.

Saxunova, D., Novackova, D., & Kajanova, J. (2018). International Tax Competition Complying with Laws: Who are its Beneficiaries?. Journal of Eastern Europe Research in Business and Economics, 2018.

Schmitz, J., & Leoni, G. (2019). Accounting and Auditing at the Time of Blockchain Technology: A Research Agenda. Australian Accounting Re- view.

Sherwood, M., Nagy, A., & Zimmerman, A. (2019). Non-Accounting Pro- fessionals and Office Audit Quality. Available at SSRN 2933106.

Shetty, A. S., Nagendra, B. V., Jeevananda, S., & Divakar, G. M. (2019). Imperative of revisiting the operational risk control architecture in public sector banks (PSBs) in India: a qualitative analysis. Banks and Bank Sys- tems, 14(1), 137.

Shittu, I., Ahmad, A. C., & Ishak, Z. (2018). Audit committee independ- ence, abnormal directors compensation, corporate governance disclosure and price to earnings multiple of Nigerian firms. Journal for Global Busi- ness Advancement, 11(2), 156-172 .

Singh, C. J., Kumar, B., & Kaur, S. (2018). MX/G/1 state dependent arriv- al queue with optional service and vacation under randomised policy. In- ternational Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 29(2), 252-272.

Smith, J., & Koonce, L. (2019). Can Investors Fully Adjust for Known Biases in Management Earnings Forecasts?. Available at SSRN 3396098.

Solomon, E., & Huse, M. (2019). Corporate Governance and Paradoxi- cal Tensions: Leadership Dynamics Through Facet Theory. International Studies of Management & Organization, 1-20.

Stuart, M. D., & Willis, R. H. (2019). Use of Independent Valuation Spe- cialists in Valuing Employee Stock Options: Evidence from IPOs. Availa- ble at SSRN 3374632.

Suprianto, E., & Setiawan, D. (2018). Impact of family control on the re- lationship between earning management and future performance in Indo- nesia. Business and Economic Horizons (BEH), 14(1232-2019-757), 342- 354.

Suryanto, T., & Grima, S. (2018). The Corporate Decision in Indonesia: A Result of Corporate Governance Requirements, Earning Management and Audit Reports. In Governance and Regulations’ Contemporary Issues (pp. 183-206). Emerald Publishing Limited.

Svanberg, J., & Öhman, P. (2019). Auditors’ issue contingency of reduced audit quality acts: perceptions of managers and partners. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 15(1), 57- 88.

Tangenes, T., & Steen, R. (2017). The trinity of resilient organization: Aligning performance management with organizational culture and strat- egy formation.

Taslima, A., & Fengju, X. (2019). Stakeholders’ Trust towards the Role of Auditors: A Synopsis of Audit Expectation Gap. Journal of Management, 6(1), 43-49.

Tee, K., & Wiley, M. (2018). Backdating of executive stock options: com- paring financial and nonfinancial industries. Journal of Financial Crime, 25(2), 518-526.

Tiwari, K., & Khan, M. S. (2019). An action research approach for meas- urement of sustainability in a multi-echelon supply chain: Evidences from Indian sea food supply chains. Journal of Cleaner Production.

Toy, A., Lau, D., Hay, D., & Gunasekara, G. (2019). The views of privacy auditors regarding standards and methodologies. Meditari Accountancy Research, 27(3), 366-398 .

Vladu, A. B., Amat, O., & Cuzdriorean, D. D. (2017). Truthfulness in ac- counting: How to discriminate accounting manipulators from non-manip- ulators. Journal of business ethics, 140(4), 633-648.

Wang, G., & Hagigi, M. (2019). The effect of the need for subsequent seasoned equity offerings on earnings management motivation. Review of Accounting and Finance, 18(1), 25-52 .

Widhiastuti, S., Murwaningsari, E., & Mayangsari, S. (2018). The effect of business intelligence and intellectuals capital of company value moderated by management of profit riil. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research, 2(2), 64-78.

Wuthisatian, R., & Thanetsunthorn, N. (2018). The Asian financial crisis: market inefficiency and speculative bubbles. International Journal of Fi- nancial Markets and Derivatives, 6(3), 240-267.

Yasser, S., & Soliman, M. (2018). The effect of Audit Quality on Earnings Management in Developing Countries: The Case of Egypt. International ‏.216-231 ,)4(9 ,Research Journal of Applied Finance

Publicado
2019-08-03
Cómo citar
Tawfiq Shibli, A. H., Ibrahim Saleh, J., & Abdul Rahman, N. G. (2019). The Effect Of External Audit Quality On Profit Management. Opción, 35, 594-673. Recuperado a partir de https://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/opcion/article/view/31541