Evaluación de las lesiones hepáticas en hígados de cerdos decomisados en el centro de faenamiento municipal de Pasaje, Ecuador
Resumen
La porcicultura ecuatoriana crece, pero enfrenta desafíos sanitarios. Las lesiones hepáticas porcinas detectadas en mataderos afectan calidad, inocuidad y economía, evidenciando deficiencias de manejo y necesidad de estudios locales específicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas presentes en hígados de cerdos sacrificados en el centro de faenamiento municipal de Pasaje, Ecuador. Se inspeccionaron 3.200 hígados mediante evaluación post mortem oficial y se seleccionaron 80 (2,5 %) con alteraciones visibles para su análisis histopatológico. Las principales lesiones macroscópicas correspondieron a hepatomegalia, cambios de coloración y adherencias fibrosas; mientras que, a nivel microscópico, se observaron con alta frecuencia necrosis, infiltrado inflamatorio, fibrosis, hiperplasia y congestión, con patrones compatibles con procesos crónicos de daño hepático. La presencia marcada de infiltrado eosinofílico asociado a áreas de necrosis y fibrosis en puente sugiere la participación de etiologías parasitarias, probablemente vinculadas a infecciones por Ascaris suum y al desarrollo de lesiones tipo “manchas de leche”, descritas como una causa relevante de decomiso hepático. Estos hallazgos confirman que, aun con baja frecuencia relativa, las lesiones hepáticas representan una vía sensible de detección de problemas sanitarios en las granjas de origen y una fuente de pérdidas económicas, resaltando el papel de la inspección post mortem como herramienta de vigilancia epidemiológica y la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de control parasitario, bioseguridad y buenas prácticas de manejo en la producción porcina de la región.
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