Comparison of the systemic vs. local application of Bleomicin in dogs undergoing electrochemotherapy

• Edison Gustavo Salazar-Acuña Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-9469
• Edy Castillo-Hidalgo Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
• Wiliam Moran-Obando Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e32140

Keywords: Electrochemotherapy, bleomycin, local, systemic, oncology

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of electrochemotherapy (ECT) plus local and systemic bleomycin, in dogs with neoplasms of different cellular origins, which were treated at the “La Primavera” Veterinary Clinic in the City of Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. There were 10 canine patients (Canis lupus familiaris). The diagnosis was made by histopathology and cytology, the volumetric calculation of the tumor was obtained using the formula to calculate the tumor volume [(a×b×c×(π/6)]. The treatment was based on the administration of bleomycin 15 International Unit per square meter (IU·m²) of body surface, systemic route, and intratumoral infiltration of bleomycin at a dose of 0.25 IU per cubic centimeter (IU·cm³) of tumor surface. Considering the high selectivity of bleomycin for epithelial cells and the characteristics of tumor vascularization, electrical pulses were subsequently applied with an intensity of 1,000 volts per square centimeter (V·cm²), using different types of electrodes. Twenty eight days after the application of the therapy, the tumor masses were reduced by 50%, achieving an objective response to the applied treatment.

References

CAMPANA, L.; CLOVER, A.; VALPIONE, S.; QUAGLINO, P.; GEHL,P.; KUNT, C.; SNOJ, M.; ROSSI, C.; MIKLAVCIC, D.; SERSA, G. Recommendations for improving the quality of reporting clinical electrochemotherapy studies based on qualitative systematic review. Radiol. Oncol. 50: 1–13. 2016.

CEMAZAR, M.; TAMZALI, Y.; SERSA, G.; TOZON, N.; MIR, L.; MIKLAVCIC, D.; LOWE, R.; TEISSIE, T. Electrochemotherapy in Veterinary Oncology. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 22: 826–831. 2008.

CEMAZAR, M.; SERSA, G. Recent Advances in Electrochemotherapy. Rev. Liebert. Pub. 1: 204–213. 2019.

GARGIULO, M.; SERRA, J.; CORTESE, A.; MURPHY, D.; PARASCANDOLO, S.; RAZZANO, S. Long term effectiveness of electrochemotherapy for the treatment of lower lip squamous cell carcinoma. Rev. J. Cranio Maxillo Facial Surg. 46: 1968–1974. 2018.

LIZCANO, M. Revisión sistematica de literatura sobre la eficacia de la electroquimiterapia en tumores caninos de distinto origen histologico. 2019. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia (UCC). Colombia. En linea: https://bit.ly/3wGMw2f. 12/01/2022.

LOWE, R.; GAVAZZA, A.; IMPELLIZERI, A.; SODEN, D.; LUBA, G. The Treatment of Canine Mast Cell Tumours with electrochemotherapy with or without surgical excision. Rev. Vet. Comp. Oncol. 15: 775–784. 2016.

MALI, B.; MIKLAVCIC, D.; CAMPANA, L.G.; CEMAZAR, M.; SERSA, G. Tumor size and effectiveness of electrochemotherapy. Rev. Pub. Med. 47: 32–41. 2013.

MAGLIETTI, F.; TELLADO, M.; OLAIZ, O.; MICHINSKI, S.; MARSHALL, G. Combined local and systemic bleomycin administration in electrochemotherapy to reduce the number of treatment sessions. Rev. Radiol. Oncol. 50: 58–63. 2016.

MATTHIESSEN, L.; JOHANNESEN, H.; WESTERGREN, H.; MOSS, T.; KAMBY, C.; GEHL, J. Electrochemotherapy for large cutaneous recurrence of breast cancer: A phase II clinical trial. Rev. Acta Oncol. 51(6): 713–721. 2012.

MIKLAVCIC, D.; MALI, B.; KOS, B.; HELLER, R.; SERSA, G. Electrochemotherapy: from the drawing board into medical practice. University Of Ljubljana. Rev. Biomed. 13: 29. 2014.

MIR, L.M. Bases and rationale of the electrochemotherapy. Rev. Sci. Direct. 4(11): 38–44. 2006.

ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD (OMS). Manual para la notificación de los resultados del tratamiento de cáncer. 1980. Ginebra, Suiza. En línea: https://bit.ly/3Ku1UEQ. 15/01/2022.

ROSSELLÓ, A. El carcinoma de células escamosas felino: la electroquimioterapia y otros tratamientos. 2017. Universidad de Zaragoza. Rev. Zaguán. España. En línea: https://bit.ly/3csYhTl. 15/01/2022.

SANTABÁRBARA-SERRANO, J.; LASHERAS, I. Docencia de Bioestadística en Medicina con software gratuito Jamovi: una ventana de oportunidad. Rev. Española Educ. Méd. 1(1): 9–10. 2020.

TELLADO, M.; MAGLIETTI, F.; OLAIZ, N.; MICHISNKI, S.; MARSHALL, G. Nueva modalidad de Electroquimioterapia: administración local y sistémica para el tratamiento de tumores no respondedores en caninos y felinos. 2015. Vetoncologia. Argentina. En línea: https://bit.ly/3AuDoPz. 15/01/2022.

TOUNEKTI, O.; PRON, G.; BELEHRADEK, J. Bleomycin, an Apoptosis-mimetic Drug That Induces Two Types of Cell Death Depending on the Number of Molecules Internalized. Rev. Cancer Res. 53: 5462–5469. 1993.

TOZON, N.; LAMPREHT-TRATAR, U.; ZNIDAR, K.; SERSA, G.; TEISSIE, J.; CEMAZAR, M. Operating Procedures of the Electrochemotherapy for Treatment of Tumor in Dogs and Cats. J. Vis. Exp. 24(116): 54760. 2016.

VEGA-DÍEZ, D.; RODRIGUEZ-VILLA, L.; TRASOBARES-MARUGAN, L. Foro de Residentes: Electroquimioretrapía para el tratamiento de tumores cutánesos primarios y secundarios. Actas Dermo-Sifiliográf. 10: 1016. 2021.

ZAKELJ, M.; PREVC, A.; KRANJC, S.; CEMAZAR, M.; TODOROVIC, V.; SAVARIN, M.; SCANCAR, J.; KOSJEK, T.; GROSELJ, B.; STROJAN, P.; SERSA, G. Electrochemotherapy of radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and Tumor Xenografts. Rev. Pub. Med. Central. 41(3): 1658–1668. 2018.