Respuestas morfológicas y fisiológicas de dos especies de Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. y Capsicum chinense Jacq.) bajo condiciones de déficit de agua
Keywords:
growth, foliar nitrogen, pepper, drought tolerance
Abstract
La sequía y la escasez de agua, producto del cambio climático en curso, están entre las principales limitaciones en la producción agrícola. En este sentido, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comparar las diferencias en las respuestas morfológicas y fisiológicas entre cultivares locales de Capsicum annuum L. y Capsicum chinense Jacq en condiciones de déficit hídrico. En un diseño de bloques al azar, luego de 20 días de ser trasplantadas y mantenidas con riego y fertilización adecuada, plantas de cuatro cultivares locales (2 de C. annuum y 2 de C. chinense) fueron sometidas a dos tratamientos: déficit hídrico consistente en 14 días sin riego, y plantas regadas cada tres días. Se midió el contenido relativo de agua (RWC), volumen de raíces, área foliar, área foliar específica, peso seco de los diferentes órganos y concentración de nitrógeno foliar. Los resultados muestran que, en condiciones de déficit hídrico, las plantas de C. annuum y C. chinense disminuyen significativamente el RWC foliar, el volumen de raíces, el crecimiento total y la concentración de nitrógeno foliar. En el caso de C. annuum, el déficit hídrico afectó la producción, que varió entre cultivares. Al parecer la movilización de fotoasimilados hacia frutos es una estrategia para una mayor producción en algunos cultivares de C. annuum como se demuestra en el cultivar ECU-2254b, sin embargo, fue el cultivar que presentó menor RWC en ambas condiciones de disponibilidad de agua. No hubo diferencias significativas entre cultivares en la concentración de nitrógeno foliar en condiciones de déficit hídrico El cultivar de C. chinense ECU-2241, mostró una mejor tolerancia al déficit hídrico al presentar mayor crecimiento radicular y mayor RWC.
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References
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Gray, S. B., & Brady, S. M. (2016). Plant developmental responses to climate change. Developmental biology,419(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.023
Hernandez-Espinoza, L. H., & Barrios-Masias, F. H. (2020). Physiological and anatomical changes in tomato roots in response to low water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 265, 109208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109208
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Lawlor, D. W., & Tezara, W. (2009). Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. Annals of botany, 103(4), 561-579. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn244
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Macias-Bobadilla, I., Vargas-Hernandez, M., Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Rico-Garcia, E., Ocampo-Velazquez, R. V, & Torres-Pacheco, I. (2020). Differential Response to WD in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Growing in Two Types of Soil Under Different Irrigation Regimes. Agriculture, 10(9), 381. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090381
Mardani, S., Tabatabaei, S. H., Pessarakli, M., & Zareabyaneh, H. (2017). Physiological responses of pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) to drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition,40(10),1453-1464. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2016.1269342
Martinez-Acosta, E., Lagunes-Espinoza, L. C., Castelán-Estrada, M., Lara-Viveros, F., & Trejo, C. (2020). Leaf gas exchange and growth of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum under conditions of flooding and WD. Photosynthetica, 58(3), 873-880. https://doi.org/10.32615/ps.2020.032
May-Lara, C., Pérez-Gutiérrez, A., Ruiz-Sánchez, E., Ic-Caamal, A. E., & García-Ramírez, A. (2011). Efecto de niveles de humedad en el crecimiento y potencial hídrico de Capsicum chinense Jacq. y su relación con el desarrollo de Bemisia tabaci Genn. Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 14(3), 1039-1045.
Okunlola, G. O., Olatunji, O. A., Akinwale, R. O., Tariq, A., & Adelusi, A. A. (2017). Physiological response of the three most cultivated pepper species (Capsicum spp.) in Africa to drought stress imposed at three stages of growth and development. Scientia Horticulturae,224,198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.06.020
Potters, G., Pasternak, T. P., Guisez, Y., Palme, K. J., & Jansen, M. A. K. (2007). Stress-induced morphogenic responses: growing out of trouble? Trends in plant science, 12(3), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2007.01.004
Sanders G.J., Arndt, S.K. (2012) Osmotic Adjustment Under Drought Conditions. In: Aroca, R. (eds) Plant Responses to Drought Stress. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32653-0_8
Serret, M. D., Yousfi, S., Vicente, R., Piñero, M. C., Otálora-Alcón, G., Del Amor, F. M., & Araus, J. L. (2018). Interactive effects of CO2 concentration and water regime on stable isotope signatures, nitrogen assimilation and growth in sweet pepper. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 2180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02180
Vashi, H. D., Patel, P. P., & Bardhan, K. (2020). Growth and physiological responses of vegetable crops to WD stress. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 91-101. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i530523
Wang, H., Sánchez-Molina, J. A., Li, M., Berenguel, M., Yang, X. T., & Bienvenido, J. F. (2017). Leaf area index estimation for a greenhouse transpiration model using external climate conditions based on genetics algorithms, back-propagation neural networks and nonlinear autoregressive exogenous models. Agricultural Water Management,183,107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.11.021
Yang, H., Liu, H., Zheng, J., & Huang, Q. (2018). Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the arid environment of Northwest China. Irrigation science, 36(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-017-0566-4
Zandalinas, S. I., Mittler, R., Balfagón, D., Arbona, V., & Gómez‐Cadenas, A. (2018). Plant adaptations to the combination of drought and high temperatures. Physiologia plantarum, 162(1), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12540
Campos, H., Trejo, C., Peña-Valdivia, C. B., García-Nava, R., Conde-Martínez, F. V., & Cruz-Ortega, M. R. (2014). Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under water stress and re-watering: Delayed restoration of photosynthesis during recovery. Environmental and experimental botany,98,56-64. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847213001706
Dorji, K., Behboudian, M H.,& ZegbeJ. A. (2005). Water relations,growth, yield and fruit quality of hot pepper under deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying. Scientia Horticulturae, 104(2), 137-149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.08.015
FAO (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura). (2021). FAOSTATS. Producción, exportaciones e importaciones mundiales de chiles y pimientos secos y verdes por países. http://www.fao.org/faostat/.
González-Dugo, V., Orgaz, F., & Fereres, E. (2007). Responses of pepper to deficit irrigation for paprika production. Scientia Horticulturae, 114(2), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.05.014
Gray, S. B., & Brady, S. M. (2016). Plant developmental responses to climate change. Developmental biology,419(1), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.023
Hernandez-Espinoza, L. H., & Barrios-Masias, F. H. (2020). Physiological and anatomical changes in tomato roots in response to low water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 265, 109208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109208
Ismail, S. M. (2010). Influence of deficit irrigation on water use efficiency and bird pepper production (Capsicum annuum L.). Meteor. Environ. Arid Land Agric. Sci, 21(2) 29-43 https://doi.org/https://10.4197/Met.21-2.3
Jaimez, R. (2000). Dinámica de crecimiento y distribución de materia seca en ají dulce (Capsicum chinense Jacq) bajo condiciones de déficit de agua. Agronomía Tropical, 50(2), 189-200.
Jaimez, R. E., & Rada, F. (2016). Gas exchange, growth, flowering and fruit production in sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense jacq) along a thermal gradient determined by altitudinal differences in a tropical region. Experimental Agriculture, 52(2), 251-265. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479715000071
Jaimez, R. E., Rada, F., & Garcia-Núnez, C. (1999). The effect of irrigation frequency on water and carbon relations in three cultivars of sweet pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq), in a tropical semiarid region. Scientia Horticulturae, 81(3), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(99)00017-5
Jaimez, R. E., Vielma, O., Rada, F., & García‐Núñez, C. (2000). Effects of WD on the dynamics of flowering and fruit production in Capsicum chinense Jacq in a tropical semiarid region of Venezuela. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 185(2), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00414.x
Kweku, D., Bismark, O., Maxwell, A., Desmond, K., Danso, K., Oti-Mensah, E., Quachie, A., & Adormaa, B. (2018). Greenhouse Effect: Greenhouse Gases and Their Impact on Global Warming. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 17(6), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.9734/JSRR/2017/39630
Konapala, G., Mishra, A.K., Wada, Y. & Mann, M. (2020) Climate change will affect global water availability through compounding changes in seasonal precipitation and evaporation. Nature Communications 11, 3044 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16757-w
Lawlor, D. W., & Tezara, W. (2009). Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water-deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. Annals of botany, 103(4), 561-579. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn244
Loor, H. V. & Muñoz S. 2019 Caracterización morfológica de las accesiones del germoplasma de Capsicum del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias Tesis Ingeniería Agronómica. Universidad Técnica de Manabí 56 p.
Macias-Bobadilla, I., Vargas-Hernandez, M., Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Rico-Garcia, E., Ocampo-Velazquez, R. V, & Torres-Pacheco, I. (2020). Differential Response to WD in Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Growing in Two Types of Soil Under Different Irrigation Regimes. Agriculture, 10(9), 381. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090381
Mardani, S., Tabatabaei, S. H., Pessarakli, M., & Zareabyaneh, H. (2017). Physiological responses of pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) to drought stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition,40(10),1453-1464. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2016.1269342
Martinez-Acosta, E., Lagunes-Espinoza, L. C., Castelán-Estrada, M., Lara-Viveros, F., & Trejo, C. (2020). Leaf gas exchange and growth of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum under conditions of flooding and WD. Photosynthetica, 58(3), 873-880. https://doi.org/10.32615/ps.2020.032
May-Lara, C., Pérez-Gutiérrez, A., Ruiz-Sánchez, E., Ic-Caamal, A. E., & García-Ramírez, A. (2011). Efecto de niveles de humedad en el crecimiento y potencial hídrico de Capsicum chinense Jacq. y su relación con el desarrollo de Bemisia tabaci Genn. Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 14(3), 1039-1045.
Okunlola, G. O., Olatunji, O. A., Akinwale, R. O., Tariq, A., & Adelusi, A. A. (2017). Physiological response of the three most cultivated pepper species (Capsicum spp.) in Africa to drought stress imposed at three stages of growth and development. Scientia Horticulturae,224,198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.06.020
Potters, G., Pasternak, T. P., Guisez, Y., Palme, K. J., & Jansen, M. A. K. (2007). Stress-induced morphogenic responses: growing out of trouble? Trends in plant science, 12(3), 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2007.01.004
Sanders G.J., Arndt, S.K. (2012) Osmotic Adjustment Under Drought Conditions. In: Aroca, R. (eds) Plant Responses to Drought Stress. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32653-0_8
Serret, M. D., Yousfi, S., Vicente, R., Piñero, M. C., Otálora-Alcón, G., Del Amor, F. M., & Araus, J. L. (2018). Interactive effects of CO2 concentration and water regime on stable isotope signatures, nitrogen assimilation and growth in sweet pepper. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 2180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.02180
Vashi, H. D., Patel, P. P., & Bardhan, K. (2020). Growth and physiological responses of vegetable crops to WD stress. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 91-101. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2020/v42i530523
Wang, H., Sánchez-Molina, J. A., Li, M., Berenguel, M., Yang, X. T., & Bienvenido, J. F. (2017). Leaf area index estimation for a greenhouse transpiration model using external climate conditions based on genetics algorithms, back-propagation neural networks and nonlinear autoregressive exogenous models. Agricultural Water Management,183,107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.11.021
Yang, H., Liu, H., Zheng, J., & Huang, Q. (2018). Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the arid environment of Northwest China. Irrigation science, 36(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-017-0566-4
Zandalinas, S. I., Mittler, R., Balfagón, D., Arbona, V., & Gómez‐Cadenas, A. (2018). Plant adaptations to the combination of drought and high temperatures. Physiologia plantarum, 162(1), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12540
Published
2022-01-21
How to Cite
Fernández-Zambrano, L. F., Corozo Quiñonez, L., Monteros Altamirano, Álvaro, Arteaga Alcívar, F., & Jaimez, R. E. (2022). Respuestas morfológicas y fisiológicas de dos especies de Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. y Capsicum chinense Jacq.) bajo condiciones de déficit de agua. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 39(1), e223912. Retrieved from https://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/37581
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Section
Crop Production
Copyright (c) 2022 Luis F. Fernández-Zambrano, Liliana Corozo Quiñonez, Álvaro Monteros Altamirano, Francisco Arteaga Alcívar y Ramón E. Jaimez
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