¿Clima de seguridad y seguridad de la cultura: ¿Podrían estar alineados para mejorar la gestión en la seguridad organizacional?
Palabras clave:
clima organizacional, clima de la seguridad, cultura de la seguridad, cultura organizacional, seguridad organizacional
Resumen
Este trabajo analiza la evolución de los conceptos de cultura de seguridad y clima de seguridad, integrando literatura especializada para proporcionar sus definiciones, orígenes y factores constitutivos. El objetivo principal es revisar las numerosas definiciones de ambos términos para determinar si pueden diferenciarse claramente o, a partir de sus similitudes, alinearse en una "alianza" práctica. Esta unión conceptual busca servir como base para el diseño de programas de salud y seguridad ocupacional efectivos en industrias de alto riesgo, con el fin de minimizar los accidentes laborales. Los resultados reflejan un considerable desacuerdo entre los investigadores respecto a 1) cómo definir ambos constructos y 2) si son inherentemente diferentes. No obstante, se concluye que, a pesar de la controversia, las acciones de una organización que empodera a sus empleados y lidera con una visión de mejora continua generan un clima de seguridad positivo. Este clima, a su vez, influye inexorablemente en la cultura de seguridad, moldeando las creencias y valores colectivos sobre la importancia del bienestar. La alineación estratégica de ambos conceptos podría alcanzar el pináculo de la seguridad integrada en el trabajo, creando un modelo robusto para la prevención y mitigación de accidentes.
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Cabrera, D.D., Isla, R., & Vilela, L.D. (2010). An evaluation of safety climate in ground handling activities. Paper presented at the Aviation Safety, Proceedings of the IASC-97. International Safety Conference, Netherlands.
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Cheyne, A., Thomas, J.M., Cox, S. & Oliver, A. (2003). Modelling Employee Attitudes to safety: A comparison across sectors, European Psycholist, 4(1), 1-10.
Cheyne, A., Thomas, J.M., Cox, S., & Oliver, A. (2013). Modelling safety climate in the perception of levels of safety activity, Work & Stress, 12, 255-271.
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Clarke, S., and Ward, K. (2006). The role of leader influence, tactics and safety climate in engaging Employees ‘safety participation. Risk Analysis, 26, 1175-1186.
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Cox, S.J., & Cheyne, A.J.T. (2000). Assessing culture in offshore environments. Safety Science, 12(34), 112-129.
Dedobbeleer, N., & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measure for construction sites. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 97-103.
DeJoy, D.M. (2005). Behavior change versus culture change: Divergent approaches to managing workplace safety. Safety Science, 43, 105-129.
DeJoy, D.M., Schaffer, B.S., Wilson, P.J., Vandernberg, M.M. (2004). Creating safer workplaces: Assessing the determinants and role of safety climate. Journal of Safety Research, 35(1), 81-90.
Dieterly, D., & Schneider, B. (1974). The effect of organizational environment on perceived power and climate: A laboratory study. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 11,316-337.
Donald, I., Carter, D. (2013). Employee attitudes and safety in the chemical Industry. Journal of Loss Prevent Process, 9(2), 161-172.
Edwards, J.D., Davey, J., and Armstrong, K. (2013). Returning to the roots of culture: A review and re-conceptualism of safety culture. Safety Science, 55, 70-80.
Falbruch, B., Wilpert, B. (1999). System-safety-an emerging field for I/O Psychology. In: Cooper, C., (Eds). International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Viley, Chichester.
Faridah, I., Hashim, A.E., and Abdul Majid, M.Z. (2009). The organizational of Safety Culture for the Malaysian Construction Organizations. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(9), 226-237.
Faridah, I., Mat Nasir, N., and Ismail, R. (2011). Assessing The Behavioural Factors´of Safety Culture for the Malysian Construction Companies. Proceedings ASAEN Conference on Environment-Behavior Studies. Safety Science, 34, 131-150.
Faridah, I., Rachmaful, H., and Razidah, I. (2012). The organizational Environment- Behavior Factor´s Towards Safety Culture Development, Social and Behavioral Sciences, 35, 611-618.
Fazio, R. H. (2012). How do attitudes guide behavior? Work & Stress, 10, 135-151.
Flin, M., Flin, R., Mearns, K., Gordon, R., (1998). Offshore workers ‘perceptions of risk: Comparisons with quantitative data. Risk Analysis, 18, 103-110.
Flin, R., (1998). Safety condition monitoring. Lessons from Man-Made Disasters´. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 6, 88-92.
Flin, R., Mearns, K., O´Connor, P., & Bryden, R. (2000). Measuring safety climate: Identifying the common features. Safety Science, 34, 177-192.
Frederick, N., Jense, O., and Beaton, A.E. (1972). Prediction of organizational behavior, New York: Pergamon Press.
Geller, E.S. (2001). The Psychology of Safety Handbook, CFR Press, Boca Raton, Fl.
Gibbons, A., von Thaden, A., Wiegman, D. (2006). Development and initial validation of a survey for assessing safety culture within commercial flight operations. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 16(2), 215-237.
Griffin, M.A., & Neal, A. (2000). Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, Knowledge, and motivation, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5,347-358.
Grote, G., Kunzler, C. (2000). The nature of safety culture: a review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 215-257.
Guldenmund, F.E. (2008). Safety culture in a service Company. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety. Australia and New Zealand, 24(3), 221-235.
Guldenmund, F.W. (2000). The nature of safety culture: A review of theory and research. Safety Science, 34, 215-257.
Guldenmund, F.W. (2010). (Mis)understanding Safety culture and its Relationship to Safety management, 30(10),1466-1480.
Hartmann, C., Meterko, M., Rosen, A., Zhao, S., Singer, S. and Guba, S. (2009). Relationship of hospital organizational culture and patient safety climate in the Veteran Health Administration. Medical Care Research, 66, 320-338.
Hensen, L.L. (1993). Safety Management: A call for (R) Evolution. Professional Safety, 16-21.
Higgins, E.T (2012). The handbook of motivation and cognition. Founfation of social behavior, 204-243.
Hurst, N.W., Young, S., Donald, I., Gibson, H., and Muyselaav, A. (1996). Measures of safety management performance and attitudes to safety at mayor hazards sites. Journal Loss Prevent Press Ind., 9(2), 161-172.
IAEA. (1986). Summary Report on the Post-Accident Review Meeting on the Chernobyl Accident: International Safety Advisory Group (Safety series 75-INSAG-1). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
IAEA. (1991). Safety Culture (Safety Series75-INSAG-4). International Atomic Agency, Vienna.
IAEA. (1997). Examples of Safety Culture Practices (Safety report series No. 1). International Atomic Agency Authority, Vienna.
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Kapp, E.A. (2012). The influence of supervisor leadership practices and perceived group safety climate on employee safety performance. Safety Science, 50, 1119-1124.
Kartam, N. (1997). Integrating safety and health performance into construction CPM. Construction Engineering and Management, 124 (2), 121-126.
Kopelman, R.E., Brief, A.P., & Guzzo, R.A. (1990). The role of climate and culture in productivity. Organizational climate and culture, 282-318.
Kornli, I. (2013). The relationship between safety culture and adoption on improve safety behavior: A cross-level intervention model. Journal of Safety Science Research, 34, 567-577.
Krause, T.R (1997). The Behavior-based safety Process: Managing Involvement for a Injury-free culture. 2do. Ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhaold.
Martinez-Córdobes, M., García, F., Tomás, I. and Peiró, J.M. (2011). Leadership and employee´s perceived safety behaviors in a nuclear power plant: A structural equation model. Safety Science, 49(8-9), 5-127.
McDonald, N., & Ryan, F. (1992). Constraints on the development of safety culture: A preliminary. Irishh Journal of Psychology, 13, 273-281.
Mearns, K. J., Flin, R., Gordon, R., & Fleming, M. (1998). Measuring safety climate on offshore installations, Work & Stress, 12, 238-254.
Mearns, K., Whitaker, S.M., Flin, R. (2003). Safety climate, Safety management practice and safety performance in offshore environments. Safety Science, 41, 641-680.
Mearns, K.J., Flin, R. (1999). Assessing the state of organizational safety-culture and climate? Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 18(1), 5-17.
Mearns, K.J., Flin, R., Fleming, M., & Gordon, R. (2012). Human and Organizational Factors in Offshore Safety (OTH 543). Suffolk: Offshore: Safety Division. HSE. Books.
Mohamed, S. (2003). Scorecard approach to bench marking organizational safety culture in construction Engineering and Management. Journal of Management 28, 80-88.
Niskanen, T. (1994). Assessing the safety environment in the work organizational of road maintenance Jobs. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 26, 27-39.
Niskanen, T. (2011). Safety climate in the road administration. Safety Science, 17, 237-255.
Ostrom, L., Wilhelsen, C., & K236.aplan, B. (2013). Assessing safety culture. Nuclear safety, 34(2), 163-172.
Petitta, L., Barbaranelli, Cand Probst, T. (2015). Intensity strength organizational culture Questionnaire. Journal of Business and Ethics, 3(3). 403-418.
Phillips, R.A and Cooper, M.D. (1995). Killing two birds with one Stone: Achieving quality via total safety management. Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, 16(8),3-9.
Pidgeon, N.F. (1991). Safety culture and risk managements in organizations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 22, 129-140.
Pidgeon, N.F. (1994). Organizational safety culture: Implications for aviation practice. In. N. Johnson, Aviation Psychology in practice, 21-43.
Pidgeon, N.F. (1998). Safety culture: Key theoretical issues. Work & Stress, 12(3), 202-216.
Pidgeon, N.F. (2001). Safety culture: Transferring theoretical and evidence from the mayor hazards industries. Tenth Seminar on Behavioral Research in Road Safety: London: Department of Environment, Transport and The Regions.
Pritchard, R.D., & Karasick, B.W. (2013). The effect of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9, 126-146.
Probst, T.M., and Barbaranelli, C. (2015). Safety culture, moral disengagement and accident underreporting. J. Bus. Ethics.10.1007/10551-015-2694-1.
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Publicado
2025-10-30
Cómo citar
Arrieta , A. J. (2025) «¿Clima de seguridad y seguridad de la cultura: ¿Podrían estar alineados para mejorar la gestión en la seguridad organizacional?», Rev. Téc. Fac. Ing. Univ. Zulia, 48, p. e254807. doi: 10.22209/rt.v48a07.
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Artículos de Investigación
Derechos de autor 2025 Arelis Josefina Arrieta
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