El impacto del cambio climático en el desarrollo de los cultivos de uva en el Oeste de Ucrania

• Olena Savina Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-412X
• Marharyta Hliudzyk-Shemota Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-6489
• Nadija Sadovska Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-6102
• Halyna Popovych Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5300-3366
• Karolina Sheydyk Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-2372
• Olesia Vantiukh Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1637-4958

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.42.03

Palabras clave: Cultivos, vitamina C, ácido málico, temperatura, precipitación

Resumen

El cambio climático es cada vez más notorio y afecta a la agricultura, en particular al cultivo de la vid, lo que determina la relevancia de la investigación. El objetivo es analizar el impacto del cambio climático en el desarrollo, rendimiento y calidad de los cultivos de uva. Para ello, el estudio se realizó en la zona de clima templado durante el período 2010-2022 mediante observaciones fenológicas y métodos químicos y organolépticos. Los resultados indican un retraso en las etapas fenológicas de la uva, particularmente en la brotación y floración más temprana, lo que puede afectar el rendimiento. También se han identificado cambios en la composición de las bayas, incluida una disminución de la vitamina C y de antocianinas y un aumento del contenido de azúcar debido al aumento de temperatura. Las recomendaciones incluyen la selección de variedades resistentes al clima, el uso de sistemas de riego y riego moderado. La novedad de la investigación radica en comprender el impacto del cambio climático en la uva en una región particular. Es de importancia estratégica para la adaptación de la agricultura a las nuevas condiciones. Otras investigaciones podrían centrarse en el uso de productos biológicos y de refrigeración para garantizar condiciones óptimas de crecimiento de las uvas y aumentar la resiliencia al cambio climático.

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