Hematological complications caused by the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in cats with feline viral leukemia

• Elsa Valle-Mieles Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador - Clínica Veterinaria “Dr. Pet”, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-7682
• Darwin Villamarín-Barragán Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
• Gloria Mieles-Soriano Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador
• Mauricio Valle-Garay Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e32165

Keywords: Felis catus, capillary blood smear, complete blood count, immunoassay, ViLeF

Abstract

Over the time, the population of domestic cats has been constantly increasing, improving their relationship with man and intensifying their interest in diseases that affect cats, one of these diseases is feline viral leukemia (ViLeF) that is transmitted by contact with infected cats or fomites, which weakens the immune system, allowing complications with various opportunistic diseases, among the most found is mycoplasmosis, a hemotropic disease that destroys erythrocytes producing anemia, which can lead to death. The aim of the study was to determine the hematological complications caused by the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in cats with feline viral leukemia. Samples were taken from cats that were admitted with signs compatible with ViLeF to perform Idexx immunoassay tests and capillary blood smears (n=100). In addition, all patients underwent a complete blood count in order to observe hematological complications. Of the samples taken, 30 ViLeF-positive cats were obtained and of these 30 cats, 21 (70%) also had Mycoplasma spp. The most common hematological complications in these patients were: anemia, neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia. Concluding the study, it was possible to verify the importance of evaluating cats with signs suggestive of this viral disease, performing tests and evaluating their hematological status, due to the close relationship with mycoplasmosis and the potential possibility of complicating the condition.

References

ALMEIDA, N.; CASTRO, L.; BRITO, A. Alterações clínicas e hematológicas em gatos domésticos naturalmente infectados pelo Vírus da Leucemia Felina (FeLV). Rev. de Saúde. 7(1): 27–32. 2016. https://doi.org/h9td.

ARJONA, A.; ESCOLAR, E.; SOTO, I.; BARQUERO, N.; MARTIN, D.; GOMEZ, E. Seroepidemiological survey of infection by feline leukemia virus and immunodeficiency virus in Madrid and correlation with some clinical aspects. J. Microbiol. 38(9): 3448– 3449. 2000. https://doi.org/h9tf.

ÁVILA, J.; PARRA, O.; BARRIOS, L.; BELLO, M.; ZAMBRANO, L.; GONZÁLEZ, J. Prevalencia de leucemia viral felina, inmunodeficiencia viral felina y dirofilariosis felina en gatos. Rev. Científ. FCV-LUZ. XV(4): 285–292. 2015.

BIONDO, A.; DOS SANTOS, A.; GUIMARÃES, A.; VIEIRA, R. A review of the occurrence of hemoplasmas hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Brazil. Rev. Brasileira de Parasitol. Vet. 18(3): 1–7. 2009. https://doi.org/b2vb5x.

CAMACHO, W.; RODRÍGUEZ, C.; ROJAS, P.; STERLING, C.; SANCHEZ, D. Leucemia e inmunodeficiencia felina. Reporte de un caso. Rev. Electr. Vet. 18(10): 1–9. 2017.

COURCHAMP, F.; YOCCOZ, N.; ARTOIS, M.; PONTIER, D. At-risk individuals in Feline Immunodeficiency Virus epidemiology: evidence from a multivariate approach in a natural population of domestic cats (Felis catus). Epidemiol. Infect. 121(1): 227–236. 1998. https://doi.org/fvhvs4.

FLOREZ, A.; SOLANO, J. Estudio demográfico de la población de perros y gatos domiciliados en el sector suroriental de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Rev. Invest. Vet. Perú. 30(2): 828–835. 2019. https://doi.org/h9tg.

GONÇALVES, H.; MAGRI, C.; HIURA, E.; HERZOG, L.; PUCHETA, A.; FERREIRA, L.; RIBEIRO, V.; RIBEIRO, F. Prevalência de Leucemia Viral Felina (FeLV) e principais alterações hematológicas em felinos domésticos em Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. Res. Soc. Developm. 10(6): 1–8. 2021. https://doi.org/h9th.

IBARRA, L.; MORALES, M. Vista de Aspectos demográficos de la población de perros y gatos en la ciudad de Santiago, Chile. Avan. Cien. Vet. 18(1): 13–20. 2017.

ISHIDA, T.; WASHIZU, T.; TORIYABE, K.; MOTOYOSHI, S.; TOMODA, I.; PEDERSEN, N. Feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of Japan. J. Ame. Vet. Med. Assoc. 15(2): 221–225. 1989.

MACHADO, P.; DE SOUZA, D.; MARQUES, E. Micoplasmose em felinos doméstico: revisão de literatura. Rev. Cientif. Electr. Med. Vet. 9(16): 10–25. 2012.

MASSEY, D.; CUERVO, S.; LAGOS, M. Vista de Incidencia de los virus de inmudeficiencia y leucemia en Felis catus en la Clínica Veterinaria Gattos Tunja-Boyacá. Cien. Desarrollo. 10(1): 9–17. 2019. https://doi.org/h9tj.

MÉNDEZ, L.; MONTOYA, L.; MAZO, M.; SEPÚLVEDA, J.; VALENCIA, E.; PORTILLA, T.; RESTREPO, L. Comparación diagnóstica entre análisis citológico y molecular para la detección de Mycoplasma haemofelis en gatos residentes de la ciudad de Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. Rev. Invest. Vet. Perú. 33(1): 30–39. 2022. https://doi.org/h9tk.

MERINO, V.; ISLAS, A.; RIVERA, P.; CRUZ, A.; TARDON, R. Detección de Mycoplasma haemofelis y “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum” a través de PCR en gatos de la comuna de Chillán. Hospit. Vet. 3(2): 49–56. 2011.

MOLINA, V. Prevalencia del virus de la leucemia felina (ViLeF) en el sur del Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. Rev. Med. Vet. 1(40): 9–16. 2020. https://doi.org/h9tm.

MOLINA, V; PACHECO, C. Manejo terapéutico de lipidosis hepática felina por Mycoplasma haemofelis en Medellín, Colombia: caso clínico. Rev. Cientif. FCV-LUZ. XVI(3): 142–149. 2016.

TIQUE, V.; SANCHEZ, A.; ALVAREZ, L.; RIOS, R.; MATTAR, S. Seroprevalencia del virus de leucemia e inmunodeficiencia felina en gatos de montería, Córdoba. Rev. Fac. Med. Vet. Zoot. 56(2): 85–94. 2009.

YAMAMOTO, J.; HANSEN, H.; HO, E.; MORISHITA, T.; OKUDA, T.; SAWA, T.; NAKAMURA, R.; PEDERSEN, N. Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats from the continental United States and Canada and possible mode of transmission. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. 15(2): 213–220. 1989.