El extracto de Rosa damascena es tan eficaz como la Centella asiatica en la cicatrización de heridas
Resumen
Dado que la cicatrización prolongada de heridas no solo compromete la comodidad del paciente, sino que también incrementa los costos de atención médica, los extractos obtenidos de diversas plantas son los preferidos en estudios clínicos y experimentales para acelerar la cicatrización de heridas y contribuir a su curación. El objetivo fue comparar la eficacia de Centella asiatica, cuya eficacia en la cicatrización de heridas ha sido demostrada en estudios previos, con la de Rosa damascena, cuya investigación aún está en curso. Se utilizaron veintiún ratas albinas Wistar de 8 a 10 semanas de edad. Se afeitó la región dorsal de las ratas con una máquina de afeitar, se limpió con suero fisiológico y se realizó una incisión de 2 x 2 cm para crear una herida escisional de espesor completo en la zona interescapular. Grupo I: Grupo control. Grupo II: Grupo Rosa damascena. El extracto de Rosa damascena se aplicó una vez al día y se cubrió con una gasa. Grupo III: Grupo Centella asiatica recibió una aplicación similar. Las dimensiones de la superficie de la herida se midieron los días 0, 7, 14 y 21 dibujando en papel acetato para calcular el área superficial. Los días 7, 14 y 21 se tomaron biopsias por punción de diferentes áreas para su examen histopatológico. El día 14, no se observó diferencia significativa entre Rosa damascena y Centella asiatica en cuanto al área superficial de la herida (P = 0,415). De nuevo, no se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos en cuanto a la actividad de fibroblastos los días 7 y 21, y la neovascularización también fue insignificante los días 14 y 21. La regularidad y la densidad del colágeno aumentaron tanto en el grupo de Rosa damascena como en el de Centella asiatica. La retención de VEGF no mostró una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos el día 21 (P = 0,762). Se concluyó que el extracto de Rosa damascena puede contribuir a la cicatrización de heridas con mayor eficacia que el ungüento de Centella asiatica.
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