Caracterização proximal e físico-química de frutos de genótipos promissores de abacate de três zonas da República Dominicana
Palavras-chave:
Persea americana, Criollo, Popenoe, Hass, proteína gordura, acidez, pH
Resumo
A caraterização é um dos principais factores a ter em conta para a utilização de qualquer matéria-prima a ser industrializada e comercializada, sendo que a qualidade depende da sua origem. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar as caraterísticas de genótipos promissores de abacateiro na República Dominicana, para o qual foram realizados dois estudos. O primeiro estudo avaliou o efeito do genótipo (Popenoe, Criollo e Hass), e o segundo, o efeito da zona de produção (norte, centro e sudeste da República Dominicana) nas caraterísticas proximais (humidade, proteínas, lípidos e cinzas) e físico-químicas (acidez titulável, pH, aw e sólidos solúveis) da polpa do abacate. Foram utilizados desenhos completamente aleatórios com quatro réplicas por fator de estudo. Foi efectuada uma análise de variância e aplicado o teste de Tukey com uma fiabilidade de 95 %. Os resultados mostram que o teor de gordura e proteína e o pH podem variar de acordo com o genótipo. Os abacates criollos apresentam um menor teor de gordura (6,40 %) e sua porcentagem de proteína é estatisticamente semelhante à do Hass e superior à do Popenoe. O pH variou de 5,96 (Criollo) a 6,98 (Hass). As zonas de produção podem influenciar o teor de proteínas, a acidez titulável e a aw nos abacates. Os abacates com maior teor de proteína são produzidos na região Sudeste e os com menor acidez e maior aw na região Central. Estes resultados corroboram a necessidade de caraterizar os genótipos e a origem das matérias-primas para a industrialização e comercialização.
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Referências
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Chimuti, N., Takalani, T.K., & Anyasi, T. (2021). Organoleptic and physicochemical properties of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil extract obtained using cold press technology. Food Research, 5 (4), 360–365. https://www.myfoodresearch.com/uploads/8/4/8/5/84855864/_44__fr-2021-032_chimuti_2.pdf
De Carvalho, D. A., Andrade dos Santos, V., Pasqual, M., Sayuri, B., Lee, D., Fontes, G., Rodrigues, V., Duarte, C., Prado, M, Rodrigues, A. & das Graças, M. (2021). Aceite de pulpa de cuatro variedades de aguacate: extracción, rendimiento, caracterización y evaluación de la actividad antioxidante. Investigación, Sociedad y Desarrollo 10 (12), e401101220541. https://doi.org/10.33448/RSD-V10I12.20541
Fonseca Duarte, P., Alves Chaves, M., Dellinghousen Borges, C.R., & Barboza Mendonça, C.R. (2016). Avocado: characteristics, health benefits and uses. Ciencia Rural, Santa María, 46(4), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141516
Ford, N.A., Spagnuolo, P.., Kraft, J., & Bauer, E. (2023). Nutritional composition of Hass avocado pulp. Foods, 12(13), 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132516.
Hammami, A. M., Huang, K. M. & Guan, Z. (2024). Overview of the avocado market in the United States: FE1150, 8/2024. EDIS, 2024 (4). Gainesville, Florida. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1150-2024.
Ge, Y., Si, X., Cao, J., Zhou, Z., Wang, W., & Ma, W. (2017). Morphological characteristics, nutritional quality, and bioactive constituents in fruits of two avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Hainan province, China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p8
Henríquez Arias, L.E., Patiño Gómez, J.H., & Salazar, J.A. (2012). Application of the matrixes engineering on the development of minimally processed Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) with additions of vitamin C and calcium. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 9(2), 44-54. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=69525875016
Kilaru, A., Cao, X., Dabbs, P.B., Sung, H.J., Rahman, M.M., Thrower, N., Zynda, G., Podicheti, R., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Herrera-Estrella, L., Mockaitis, K., & Ohlrogge, J.B. (2015). Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea Americana mesocarp. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0586-2
Krumreich, F.D., Mendonça, C.R., Borges, C.D., Crizel-Cardozo, M.M., dos Santos, M.A., Otero, D.M., & Zambiazi, R.C. (2024). Margarida avocado oil: Effect of processing on quality, bioactive compounds and fatty acid profile. Food Chemistry Advances, 4(100617), 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100617
Méndez Hernández, C., Grycz, A., Rios Mesa, D., Rodríguez Galdón, B. & Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. (2024). The quality evaluation of avocado fruits (Persea americana mill.) of Hass produced in different localities on the Island of Tenerife, Spain. Foods, 13(7), 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071058
Meyer, M.D., & Terry, L.A. (2010). Fatty acid and sugar composition of avocado, cv. Hass, in response to treatment with an ethylene scavenger or 1-methylcyclopropene to extend storage life. Food Chemistry, 121(4), 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.005
Ministerio de Agricultura de la República Dominicana. (2025). Estadísticas Agropecuarias. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://agricultura.gob.do/category/estadisticas-agropecuarias/
Nasri, C., Halabi, Y., Hajib, A., Choukri, H., Harhar, H., Lee, L.H., Mani, V., Ming, L.C., Goh, K.W., Bouyahya, A., & Tabyaoui, M. (2023). Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana). Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (15 de noviembre de 2024). Comparar Datos. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#compare
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (11 de junio de 2025). Cantidades de producción de aguacates por país, promedio 1994-2023. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QCL
Payano-Almánzar, R., & Rodríguez, J. (2018). Meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought in the Dominican Republic: A review. Current World Environment, 13(1), 124-143. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.13.1.12
Ramírez-Guerrero, T., Hernandez-Perez, M.I., Tabares, M.S., Marulanda-Tobon, A., Villanueva, E., & Peña, A. (2023). Agroclimatic and phytosanitary events and emerging technologies for their identification in avocado crops: A systematic literature review. Agronomy, 13(8), 1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081976
Salazar, S., Medina, R.E., & Álvarez, A. (2016). Evaluación inicial de algunos aspectos de calidad del fruto de aguacate ‘Hass’ producido en tres regiones de México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 7(2), 277-289. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=263145278005
Sanchez-Rosario, R., Castillo, L., Féliz-Jiménez, A., Vargas, S., Pérez-Romero, R., Aquino, M., & Abutokaikah, M. T. (2025). Characterization of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed extract from the variety Semil 34 cultivated in the Dominican Republic. Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(2), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020922
Satriana, S., Supardan, M.D., Arpi, N., & Wan, W.A. (2019). Development of methods used in the extraction of avocado oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 121(1), 1800210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201800210
Tesfaye, T., Ayele, M., Gibril, M., Ferede, E., Limeneh, D.Y., & Kong, F. (2022). Beneficiation of avocado processing industry by-product: A review on future prospect. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, (5) 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100253
Torres-Quezada, E., Fuentes-Peñailillo, F., Gutter, K., Rondón, F., Marmolejos, J. M., Maurer, W., & Bisono, A. (2025). Remote sensing and soil moisture sensors for irrigation management in avocado orchards: A practical approach for water stress assessment in remote agricultural areas. Remote Sensing, 17(4), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040708
Vinha, A.F., Moreira, J., & Barreira, S.V. (2013). Physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the algarvian avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(12), 100. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n12p100
Young, A., Aborn, D., Latta, S. C., & Boyd, J. N. (2023). Avian use of avocado farms and intact forest in the northern Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology, 36, 147–161. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2023.36.147-161
Zakaria, L. (2021). Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease in tropical fruit crops-A Review. Agriculture, 11(4), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040297
Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (1990). Official methods on analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 15th ed. U.S.A.
Chávez, S.N., De León, P.G., Campos, L.G., Flores, A.C., Castillo, R.G., Ascacio, J.A., López, C.M., & Rodríguez, R. (2024). Propiedades nutrimentales, fitoquímicas y sensoriales de frutos de aguacate criollo de Parras de la Fuente, Coahuila. ERA Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios, 11(2), e3838. https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a11n2.3838
Chimuti, N., Takalani, T.K., & Anyasi, T. (2021). Organoleptic and physicochemical properties of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil extract obtained using cold press technology. Food Research, 5 (4), 360–365. https://www.myfoodresearch.com/uploads/8/4/8/5/84855864/_44__fr-2021-032_chimuti_2.pdf
De Carvalho, D. A., Andrade dos Santos, V., Pasqual, M., Sayuri, B., Lee, D., Fontes, G., Rodrigues, V., Duarte, C., Prado, M, Rodrigues, A. & das Graças, M. (2021). Aceite de pulpa de cuatro variedades de aguacate: extracción, rendimiento, caracterización y evaluación de la actividad antioxidante. Investigación, Sociedad y Desarrollo 10 (12), e401101220541. https://doi.org/10.33448/RSD-V10I12.20541
Fonseca Duarte, P., Alves Chaves, M., Dellinghousen Borges, C.R., & Barboza Mendonça, C.R. (2016). Avocado: characteristics, health benefits and uses. Ciencia Rural, Santa María, 46(4), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141516
Ford, N.A., Spagnuolo, P.., Kraft, J., & Bauer, E. (2023). Nutritional composition of Hass avocado pulp. Foods, 12(13), 2516. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132516.
Hammami, A. M., Huang, K. M. & Guan, Z. (2024). Overview of the avocado market in the United States: FE1150, 8/2024. EDIS, 2024 (4). Gainesville, Florida. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe1150-2024.
Ge, Y., Si, X., Cao, J., Zhou, Z., Wang, W., & Ma, W. (2017). Morphological characteristics, nutritional quality, and bioactive constituents in fruits of two avocado (Persea americana) varieties from Hainan province, China. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n2p8
Henríquez Arias, L.E., Patiño Gómez, J.H., & Salazar, J.A. (2012). Application of the matrixes engineering on the development of minimally processed Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) with additions of vitamin C and calcium. Revista Lasallista de Investigación, 9(2), 44-54. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=69525875016
Kilaru, A., Cao, X., Dabbs, P.B., Sung, H.J., Rahman, M.M., Thrower, N., Zynda, G., Podicheti, R., Ibarra-Laclette, E., Herrera-Estrella, L., Mockaitis, K., & Ohlrogge, J.B. (2015). Oil biosynthesis in a basal angiosperm: transcriptome analysis of Persea Americana mesocarp. BMC Plant Biology, 15(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-015-0586-2
Krumreich, F.D., Mendonça, C.R., Borges, C.D., Crizel-Cardozo, M.M., dos Santos, M.A., Otero, D.M., & Zambiazi, R.C. (2024). Margarida avocado oil: Effect of processing on quality, bioactive compounds and fatty acid profile. Food Chemistry Advances, 4(100617), 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100617
Méndez Hernández, C., Grycz, A., Rios Mesa, D., Rodríguez Galdón, B. & Rodríguez-Rodríguez, E. (2024). The quality evaluation of avocado fruits (Persea americana mill.) of Hass produced in different localities on the Island of Tenerife, Spain. Foods, 13(7), 1058. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13071058
Meyer, M.D., & Terry, L.A. (2010). Fatty acid and sugar composition of avocado, cv. Hass, in response to treatment with an ethylene scavenger or 1-methylcyclopropene to extend storage life. Food Chemistry, 121(4), 1203–1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.005
Ministerio de Agricultura de la República Dominicana. (2025). Estadísticas Agropecuarias. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://agricultura.gob.do/category/estadisticas-agropecuarias/
Nasri, C., Halabi, Y., Hajib, A., Choukri, H., Harhar, H., Lee, L.H., Mani, V., Ming, L.C., Goh, K.W., Bouyahya, A., & Tabyaoui, M. (2023). Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana). Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (15 de noviembre de 2024). Comparar Datos. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#compare
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura. (11 de junio de 2025). Cantidades de producción de aguacates por país, promedio 1994-2023. Consultado el 21 de julio de 2025 en https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QCL
Payano-Almánzar, R., & Rodríguez, J. (2018). Meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought in the Dominican Republic: A review. Current World Environment, 13(1), 124-143. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.13.1.12
Ramírez-Guerrero, T., Hernandez-Perez, M.I., Tabares, M.S., Marulanda-Tobon, A., Villanueva, E., & Peña, A. (2023). Agroclimatic and phytosanitary events and emerging technologies for their identification in avocado crops: A systematic literature review. Agronomy, 13(8), 1976. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081976
Salazar, S., Medina, R.E., & Álvarez, A. (2016). Evaluación inicial de algunos aspectos de calidad del fruto de aguacate ‘Hass’ producido en tres regiones de México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 7(2), 277-289. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=263145278005
Sanchez-Rosario, R., Castillo, L., Féliz-Jiménez, A., Vargas, S., Pérez-Romero, R., Aquino, M., & Abutokaikah, M. T. (2025). Characterization of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed extract from the variety Semil 34 cultivated in the Dominican Republic. Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(2), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020922
Satriana, S., Supardan, M.D., Arpi, N., & Wan, W.A. (2019). Development of methods used in the extraction of avocado oil. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 121(1), 1800210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201800210
Tesfaye, T., Ayele, M., Gibril, M., Ferede, E., Limeneh, D.Y., & Kong, F. (2022). Beneficiation of avocado processing industry by-product: A review on future prospect. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, (5) 100253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100253
Torres-Quezada, E., Fuentes-Peñailillo, F., Gutter, K., Rondón, F., Marmolejos, J. M., Maurer, W., & Bisono, A. (2025). Remote sensing and soil moisture sensors for irrigation management in avocado orchards: A practical approach for water stress assessment in remote agricultural areas. Remote Sensing, 17(4), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040708
Vinha, A.F., Moreira, J., & Barreira, S.V. (2013). Physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the algarvian avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(12), 100. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n12p100
Young, A., Aborn, D., Latta, S. C., & Boyd, J. N. (2023). Avian use of avocado farms and intact forest in the northern Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology, 36, 147–161. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2023.36.147-161
Zakaria, L. (2021). Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease in tropical fruit crops-A Review. Agriculture, 11(4), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040297
Publicado
2025-11-04
Como Citar
Alcántara-Marte, Y., Tejada-Torres, J., & Alcántara-De Tejada, Y. (2025). Caracterização proximal e físico-química de frutos de genótipos promissores de abacate de três zonas da República Dominicana. Revista Da Faculdade De Agronomia Da Universidade De Zulia, 42(4), e254250. Obtido de http://www.produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/agronomia/article/view/44719
Edição
Secção
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Yulisa Yanilka Alcántara-Marte, José Esteban Tejada-Torres, Yanilka Yulisa Alcántara-De Tejada
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