SARS Cov-2 pandemic: current situation and future perspectives
Abstract
En enero de 2020, el agente etiológico responsable de
un grupo de casos de neumonía grave en Wuhan, China,
fue identificado como un nuevo Betacoronavirus (2019-
nCoV), el cual mostraba marcadas diferencias del SARSCoV
y MERS-CoV (1,2), los cuales compartían homología
con la secuencia descrita en murciélagos, los cuales se
definieron como hospedadores o reservorios naturales,
otros estudios señalaron como hospedadores
intermediario al pangolín, dejando eslabones inciertos en
la historia evolutiva del virus (3,4). A la fecha diversos
laboratorios ya han identificado la secuencia genómica
completa de este nuevo agente encontrando
deleciones en regiones codificantes y no codificantes,
permitiendo el desarrollo de diferentes protocolos y
modalidades diagnosticas, aunque algunas de ellas aún
no se han validado por completo (5). Existen ciertas
divergencias en cuanto a la biología y comportamiento
del virus, rápida evolución, componentes genéticos,
variabilidad en las características clínicas, inmunidad y
patologías asociadas, las cuales han complicado el
manejo de la pandemia, pues el virus pareciera
comportarse de diversas formas según el área
geográfica, grupo etario, protocolos terapéuticos y
medidas de contención adoptadas.
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