Thyroid function in obese schoolchildren.
Thyroid function in obese schoolchildren.
Keywords:
obesity in schoolchildren, thyroid, anthropometry, insulin
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemias, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes melli-tus and modifications in plasma levels of certain hormones. Among the hor-monal disorders, thyroid dysfunction is the most common. Hypothyroidism can promote obesity, but multiple theories suggest that it is obesity, which causes thyroid dysfunction. The objective of the research was to determine thyroid hormone levels in obese schoolchildren and analyze their relationship to an-thropometric variables, serum insulin levels and the HOMA1-IR index. This was an observational, analytical, prospective study with a cross-sectional design of case series, conducted in 90 children between 7 and 12 years of age, at the Gas-troenterology and Pediatric Nutrition Services of the Hospital City “Dr. Enrique Tejera”, Valencia, Venezuela. TSH, T3 and T4 free values were analyzed and correlated with sex, sexual maturation, body mass index, arm fat area, waist cir-cumference, basal insulin and HOMA1-IR index. Of the subject studied, 25.44% were hypothyroid and the rest euthyroid. In schoolchildren with obesity and low free T4, there was a significant correlation (p<0.05) with hyperinsulinism and they had significantly higher averages (p<0.05) of HOMA1-IR. In conclusion, a high frequency of hypothyroidism was found in obese schoolchildren.
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References
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Kara O. Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020;63(3):110-114.
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Hainer V, Zamrazilová H, Aldhoon H. Are the thyroid hormones and thyrotropin associated with cardiometabolic risks and insulin resistance even in euthyroid subjects? Vnitr Lek 2016;62(S 3):63-67.
Gierach M, Gierach J, Junik R. Insulin resistance and thyroid disorders. Endokrynol Pol 2014;65(1):70-76.
Thiagarajan S, Arun B, Balaji R. Subclinical hypothyroidism in obese south Indian children. Indian J Pediatr [En línea] 2019; 86:662 [Citado 2020 Agost 15] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019- 02966-9.
Dahl M, Dam J, Esmann C, Tonsgaard J, Pedersen O, Hansen T. Subclinical hypothyroidism in Danish thin and obese children and adolescents .J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9(1):8-16.
Cordero R, Zabala M, Infante R, Hagel I. Composición corporal y el patrón de grasa en niños y niñas en edad escolar de zonas rurales y urbanas de Venezuela. Tribuna del Investig 2014;15(1-2):46-55.
Önsesveren I, Barjaktarovic M, Chaker L, Rijke Y, Jaddoe V, Van Santen H, Visser T, Peeters R, Korevaar T. Childhood thyroid function reference ranges and determinants: A Literature overview and a prospective cohort study. Thyroid 2017;27(11):1360-1369.
UNICEF-OMS Banco Mundial: Estimaciones conjuntas de desnutrición infantil. Niveles y tendencias. [En línea] 2019 [Citado 2020 Jul 15]. Disponible en: https://www. who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates/en/
Álvarez P, Sangiao S, Brandón I, Cordido F. Función endocrina en la obesidad. Endocrinol Nutr 2011;58(8):422-432.
Dayal D, Kumar T. High prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in children with simple obesity. Indian J Pediatr 2019;56(4):331.
Sanyal D, Raychaudhuri M. Hypothyroidism and obesity: An intriguing link. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20 (4): 554–557.
Reinehr T. Obesity and thyroid function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 316: 165-171.
Pacifico L, Anania C, Ferraro F, Andreoli G, Chiesa C. Thyroid function in childhood obesity and metabolic comorbidity. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413: 396-405.
Kratzsch J, Schubert G, Pulzer F, Pfaeffle R, Koerner A, Dietz A, Rauh M, Kiess W, Thiery J. Reference intervals for TSH and thyroid hormones are mainly affected by age, body mass index and number of blood leucocytes, but hardly by gender and thyroid autoantibodies during the first decades of life. Clin Biochem 2008; 41: 1091-1098.
Ayala M, Guerrero J, Vergara A, Salazar G, Cruz D. Función tiroidea en población pediátrica con diferente estado nutricional. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2018;75(5):279-286.
Patel R, Dave C, Mehta S, Mendpara H, Shukla R, Bajpai A. Metabolic Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children and adolescents. Indian J Pediatr [En línea] 2020 [Citado 2020 Agost 25] Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/32797391/
Guerra K. Prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico. Consulta de Endocrino- logía Pediátrica. Hospital de niños “Dr. Jorge Lizarraga”. [Tesis Especialista] Valencia: Univ de Carabobo: 2017. [En línea] 2017 [Citado 2020 Agost 25] Disponible en: http://mriuc.bc.uc.edu.ve/ bitstream/handle/123456789/7601/kgue- rra.pdf?sequence=1
Muñoz J. Árboles de decisión en patología tiroidea. SEMG Catalunya [En línea] 2016 [Citado 2020 Abr 5]. Disponible en: http:// www.semg.es/granada2016/images/sto- ries/recursos/doc_complementaria/Archi- vo-para-descargar-participantes-en-Taller- Manejo-Patologia-Tiroidea.pdf
Mayayo E, Ferrández A, Labarta J. Interpretación de las pruebas tiroideas. An Esp Pediatr 2002;56(S 4):42-52.
World Health Organization. Growth reference 5-19 years [En línea] 2007 [Citado 2020 Abr 6]. Disponible en: https://www. who.int/growthref/en/
Izaguirre de Espinoza I, López M. Evaluación del crecimiento y la maduración física. Nutrición Pediátrica. 1ª Ed. Caracas (Vzla): Editorial Médica Panamericana; 2009, p 10.
Méndez H, Méndez M. Sociedad y estratificación. Método Graffar–Méndez Castellano. Fundacredesa 1994.
Landaeta M. Área Grasa. Fundacredesa. Proyecto Venezuela. Arch Venez Puer Ped 1998; 61:supl 1.
Mc Carthy H, Jarret K, Crawley H. The development of waist circumference percentiles in British children aged 5 to 16.9. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001;55:902-907.
Cooper D, Krainik A, Lubner S, Reno H. Manual Washington de Terapéutica Médica. 32a Ed. Washington (EEUU): Spectracef: 2007.
Ten S, Maclaren N. Insulin resistance syndrome in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:2526-2539.
García B, García C, Jiménez C, González A, Calvo C, Alcázar M, Díaz E. Índice HOMA y QUICKI, insulina y péptido C en niños sanos. Puntos de corte de riesgo cardiovascular. An Pediatr (Barc) 2007; 66(5):481-490.
An YM, Moon S, Kim S, Suh Y, Lee J. Thyroid function in obese Korean children and adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018;23(3):141-147.
Ibáñez L, Marcos M. Actualización en patología tiroidea. En: AEPap (ed). Curso de Actualización Pediatría. Madrid: Lúa Ediciones; 2017. P 161-174.
Jin H. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children or adolescents and association between thyroid hormone and the components of metabolic syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health 2018;54(9):975-980.
Sánchez B, Godoy S, García B, Barja S. Niveles de hormonas tiroideas en niños obesos. Rev Chil Pediatr 2014; 85 (3): 288-297.
Habib A, Molayemat M, Habib A. Elevated serum TSH concentrations are associated with higher BMI Z-scores in southern Iranian children and adolescents. Thyroid Res 2020;13:9.
Kara O. Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. Clin Exp Pediatr 2020;63(3):110-114.
Longhi S, Radetti G. Thyroid function and obesity. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013;5:40-44.
Hainer V, Zamrazilová H, Aldhoon H. Are the thyroid hormones and thyrotropin associated with cardiometabolic risks and insulin resistance even in euthyroid subjects? Vnitr Lek 2016;62(S 3):63-67.
Gierach M, Gierach J, Junik R. Insulin resistance and thyroid disorders. Endokrynol Pol 2014;65(1):70-76.
Thiagarajan S, Arun B, Balaji R. Subclinical hypothyroidism in obese south Indian children. Indian J Pediatr [En línea] 2019; 86:662 [Citado 2020 Agost 15] Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-019- 02966-9.
Dahl M, Dam J, Esmann C, Tonsgaard J, Pedersen O, Hansen T. Subclinical hypothyroidism in Danish thin and obese children and adolescents .J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9(1):8-16.
Cordero R, Zabala M, Infante R, Hagel I. Composición corporal y el patrón de grasa en niños y niñas en edad escolar de zonas rurales y urbanas de Venezuela. Tribuna del Investig 2014;15(1-2):46-55.
Önsesveren I, Barjaktarovic M, Chaker L, Rijke Y, Jaddoe V, Van Santen H, Visser T, Peeters R, Korevaar T. Childhood thyroid function reference ranges and determinants: A Literature overview and a prospective cohort study. Thyroid 2017;27(11):1360-1369.
Published
2021-03-22
How to Cite
Angulo, N., Barbella de Szarvas, S., González, D., & Escobar, A. (2021). Thyroid function in obese schoolchildren.: Thyroid function in obese schoolchildren. Investigación Clínica, 62(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.22209/IC.v62n1a01
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Original Works
