Efectos del sexo y la suplementación con laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) sobre el rendimiento de crecimiento, características de la canal, órganos digestivos y parámetros bioquímicos en codornices japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel)
Resumen
Este estudio explora la incorporación de laurel de bahía en la dieta de codornices japonesas como una alternativa natural a los aditivos sintéticos. El objetivo es promover el crecimiento de las codornices mientras se evalúan los efectos de la suplementación con laurel de bahía sobre las características de la canal, los órganos digestivos y los resultados de la bioquímica sanguínea. Inicialmente, 208 pollitos sin sexar fueron alimentados con una dieta estándar sin laurel de bahía durante siete días. Luego se dividieron en cuatro grupos: 0 %, 1 %, 2 % y 3 % de laurel de bahía, con cada grupo teniendo cuatro réplicas de 13 codornices. El estudio encontró que la suplementación con 3 % de laurel de bahía aumentó el peso corporal a los 42 días (P = 0,019) y la ganancia diaria promedio durante la fase de finalización (P = 0,002). Los grupos alimentados con 2 % y 3 % de laurel de bahía mostraron una disminución en el consumo de alimento (P = 0,022) y en el índice de conversión alimenticia durante la fase de crecimiento (P = 0,01) y un rendimiento de cana mayor (P = 0,013). Además, el 3 % de laurel de bahía aumentó el peso del intestino (P = 0,006) y la longitud cecal (P<0,0001). Todos los niveles de suplementación con laurel de bahía (1 %, 2 % y 3 %) produjeron reducciones en la glucosa sanguínea, los triglicéridos y el colesterol total (P<0,0001). La adición de laurel de bahía no tuvo un efecto sobre otros parámetros bioquímicos (P>0,05). Los efectos del sexo fueron durante todo el período experimental, con las hembras demostrando un peso corporal y ganancia diaria promedio superiores (P<0,0001). Los machos exhibieron un mayor rendimiento de canal (P<0,0001) y proporción de corazón (P<0,0001), mientras que las hembras mostraron mayores niveles de triglicéridos (P<0,0001), proteína total (P = 0,007) y calcio (P<0,0001). Las interacciones laurel de bahía × sexo revelaron diferencias en el colesterol total (P = 0,004), la proporción de corazón (P = 0,013) y el peso del intestino (P = 0,010). La adición de 3 % de laurel de bahía al alimento de las codornices resulta en un mejor rendimiento de crecimiento, rendimiento de canal, desarrollo intestinal y parámetros bioquímicos.
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