Blockchain en los procesos del sector financiero: Una revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
blockchain, finanzas, banca, fintech, revisión sistemática
Resumen
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar de manera sistemática la evidencia científica sobre la adopción e implementación de la tecnología blockchain en el sector financiero, evaluando sus efectos en la eficiencia, seguridad y costos de los procesos. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, a partir de 733 artículos recuperados de Scopus y Web of Science, de los cuales 31 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados evidencian que blockchain se está incorporando en diversas áreas financieras, como pagos, contratos inteligentes y financiamiento, destacando mejoras en transparencia, reducción de costos operativos y optimización de procesos. No obstante, se identifican desafíos relacionados con escalabilidad, regulación y ciberseguridad, que limitan su aplicación generalizada. En conclusión, la tecnología blockchain tiene un impacto significativo en la transformación digital del sector financiero, ofreciendo ventajas competitivas, aunque requiere superar barreras técnicas y regulatorias para su adopción masiva.
Citas
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García, I., Sanchez, F., & Otegi, J. (2021). Modelling a Blockchain Solution for Intellectual Property Management in Digitised Industrial Environments. DYNA, 96(6), 576–580. https://doi.org/10.6036/10294
Garg, P., Gupta, B., Chauhan, A. K., Sivarajah, U., Gupta, S., & Modgil, S. (2021). Measuring the perceived benefits of implementing blockchain technology in the banking sector. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 120407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120407
Garg, P., Gupta, B., Kapil, K. N., Sivarajah, U., & Gupta, S. (2023). Examining the relationship between blockchain capabilities and organizational performance in the Indian banking sector. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-023-05254-0
Ghosh, A., Mukhopadhyay, I., & Chakraborty, S. (2024). Design and Architectural Implementation of Consortium Blockchain Based Framework for Open Banking Customer Consent and Data Handling. SN Computer Science, 5(2), 271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02593-4
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2025-11-24
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Castillo Ortiz, M. V., Yacolca Estares, D. I., De Velazco Borda, J. L., & Castillo Ortiz, J. N. (2025). Blockchain en los procesos del sector financiero: Una revisión sistemática. Revista Venezolana De Gerencia, 30(14), 1048-1169. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.30.especial14.18
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