Resiliencia organizacional y rendimiento empresarial en medio de COVID-19: Estudio comparativo para pequeñas y medianas empresas

• Lorenzo Portocarrero Sierra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3419-5112
• Jorge Aníbal Restrepo-Morales https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-6622
• Yanyn Aurora Rincón Quintero https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-3161
• Diego Alejandro López-Cadavid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-2381

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/rcs.v31i4.44843

Abstract

La pandemia de COVID-19 generó disrupciones sin precedentes en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas, evidenciando la necesidad de comprender los factores que determinan su supervivencia y desempeño durante crisis. Este estudio analiza el impacto de la resiliencia organizacional en el rendimiento empresarial de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas durante la pandemia de COVID-19, examinando específicamente las dimensiones de robustez, agilidad e integridad. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 4.937 gerentes de empresas colombianas (50,4% microempresas, 30,1% pequeñas, 19,5% medianas), empleando un cuestionario electrónico autoadministrado. El análisis incluyó correlaciones bivariadas y un modelo de Red Neuronal Artificial tipo perceptrón multicapa para predecir el rendimiento empresarial. Los resultados revelan una correlación alta y significativa entre resiliencia y rendimiento empresarial (r=0.735, p<0.001). El modelo RNA identificó patrones diferenciados: La robustez es crítica para empresas medianas (importancia normalizada: 100%) y organizaciones emergentes; la integridad predomina en microempresas (100%) y pequeñas empresas (100%); mientras que la agilidad mantiene relevancia transversal, con mayor peso en pequeñas empresas (89%). Se concluye que las estrategias de resiliencia deben adaptarse según el tamaño y sector organizacional, priorizando la integridad en empresas pequeñas y la robustez en medianas; mientras se fortalece la agilidad como capacidad transversal para enfrentar disrupciones.

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