Estrés laboral: cómo las exigencias laborales afectan el bienestar del empleado
Palabras clave:
bienestar del empleado, estrés, exigencias laborales, inseguridad laboral, análisis de mediación
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar empíricamente la natura- leza de la relación entre las exigencias laborales, el estrés laboral y el bienestar ocupacional de los empleados. Métodos. Para lograr el objetivo de la investigación se aplicó un método transversal utilizando el Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral Spector, el Cuestionario de Satisfacción de Necesidades Porter, la Encuesta Diagnóstica de Estrés y la Escala de Inseguridad Laboral. El análisis estadístico incluyó análisis de mediación y análisis de correlación. La encuesta se realizó entre 163 profesores universitarios. Resultados. El estudio encontró que las exigencias del trabajo crean presión psicológica y estrés que reducen el bienestar profesional de los empleados al amenazar la realización de sus aspiraciones personales. La relación entre el estrés y el bienestar profesional de los empleados está mediada por la discrepancia entre el estado deseado de satisfacción de necesidades y el estado real, así como por la importancia de determinados aspectos de la actividad profesional para el empleado, lo que representa su característica de valor. Los efectos mediadores identificados amplían las ideas existentes sobre los mecanismos de formación del bienestar de los empleados y nos permiten determinar las direcciones de su apoyo psicológico en la práctica organizacional. El desarrollo de reco- mendaciones prácticas para garantizar psicológicamente el bienestar de los empleados de una organización debería ser una dirección para futuras investigaciones.
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Teas, R. K., Wacker, J. G., & Hughes, R. E. (1979). A Path Analysis of Causes and Consequences of Salespeople’s Perceptions of Role Clarity. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(3), 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377901600308
Unguren E., Arslan S. (2021). The effect of role ambiguity and role conflict on job performance in the hotel industry: the mediating effect of job satisfaction. Tourism & Management Studies, 17(1), 45-58, https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2021.170104
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Vander Elst T., De Witte H. & De Cuyper N. (2014) The Job Insecurity Scale: A psychometric evaluation across five European countries, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23:3, 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.745989
Voitenko E., Myronets S., Osodlo V., Kushnirenko K., Kalenychenko R. (2021). Influence of Emotional Burnout on Coping Behavior in Pedagogical Activity. International Journal of Organizational Leadership. 10(2). 183-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4159814
Andriani, R. & Disman, D. (2023). Effects of Work Overload and Job Stress on Employee Performance: Categorical Moderation from Polychronicity and Work Environment. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia, 9(4). 378-387. https://doi.org/10.29210/020232185
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psycho-logical Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
Duygulu, E., Ciraklar, N. H., Guripek, E., & Bagiran, D. (2013). The Effect of Role Stress on the Employee’s Well-being: A Study in the Pharmaceutical Companies in the City of Izmir. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1361–1368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.757
Ford, M. T., & Jin, J. (2015). Incongruence between workload and occupational norms for time pressure predicts depressive symptoms. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(1), 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2013.858701
Fürstenberg, N., Alfes, K. and Kearney, E. (2021), How and when paradoxical leadership benefits work engagement: The role of goal clarity and work autonomy. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, .94(3). 672-705. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12344
Gillespie, N., Walsh, M., Winefield, A., Dua, J., & Stough, C. (2001). Occupational stress in universities: Staff perceptions of the causes, consequences and moderators of stress. Work & Stress, 15. 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370117944
Graham, B. A., Sinclair, R. R., & Sliter, M. (2024). Job insecurity and health and well-being: What happens when you really need or love your job? Economic and Industrial Democracy, 45(3), 674-695. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X231183995
Granziera, H., & Perera, H. N. (2019). Relations among teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, engagement, and work satisfaction: A social cognitive view. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 58, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.02.003
Green F. (2020) Health effects of job insecurity. IZA World of Labor. 212(2). 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.212.v2.
Han, Y. (Jade), Chaudhury, T., & Sears, G. J. (2021). Does Career Resilience Promote Subjective Well-Being? Mediating Effects of Career Success and Work Stress. Journal of Career Development, 48(4). 338-353. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845319851875
Hartati, L., & Mustika, M. D. (2021). The relationship between career resilience and subjective well-being: The mediation effect of work stress and career success. Jurnal RAP (Riset Aktual Psikologi Universitas Negeri Padang), 12(2).9 1-108. https://scholar.ui.ac.id/en/publications
Health and Safety Executive. Work-related stress, anxiety, or depression statistics in Great Britain. HSE. (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/stress.pdf
Hermansyah H., Notosudjono D., Yusnita N. (2023). Determinant of Role Stressors on Job Stress and Counterproductive Work Behavior among Employees in the Automotive Industry. International Journal of Behavior Studies in Organizations, 10, 18-28, https://doi.org/10.32038/JBSO.2023.10.02
Ivancevich, J. M., & Matteson, M. T. (1980). Stress and work: a managerial perspective. Scott, Foresman. http://books.google.com/books?id=7WEPAQAAMAAJ
Korolchuk M. S, Korolchuk V.M, Berezovska L.I..(2017). Profesiine vyhoriannia pratsivnykiv osvity: monohrafiia [Professional burnout of education workers: monograph]. Kyiv: Kyiv. nats. Torh.ekon. un-t (In Ukranian)
Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.
Nelson, D. L., & Sutton, C. D. (1990). Chronic work stress and coping: A longitudinal study and suggested new directions. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 859–869. https://doi.org/10.2307/256295
Pace F., D’Urso G., Zappulla C. Pace U. (2019). The relation between workload and personal well-being among university professors Current Psychology, 11. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00294-x
Parr, E. J., Shochet, I. M., Cockshaw, W. D., & Kelly, R. L. (2020). General belonging is a key predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms and partially mediates school belonging. School Mental Health, 12(3), 626–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-020-09371-0
Porter, L.W. (1961). A study of perceived need satisfaction in bottom and middle management jobs, Journal of Applied Psychology, 45, 1–10. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0043121
Redekopp, Dave & Huston, Michael. (2018). The broader aims of career development: mental health, wellbeing and work. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling. 47(1). 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1513451
Ryan, M. and Deci, L. (2000), Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25. 54–67 https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Soltani, I. & Hajatpour, S. & Khorram, J. & Nejati, M. (2013). Investigating the effect of role conflict and role ambiguity on employees’ job stress: Articulating the role of work- family conflict. Management Science Letters. 3(7). 1927-1936. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2013.06.036
Spector, P. E. (2022). Job satisfaction: From Assessment to Intervention. New York City: Routledge.
Taris, T. W., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2015). Individual well-being and performance at work: A conceptual and theoretical overview. In M. van Veldhoven & R. Peccei (Eds.), Well-being and performance at work: The role of context (pp. 15–34). Psychology Press.
Teas, R. K., Wacker, J. G., & Hughes, R. E. (1979). A Path Analysis of Causes and Consequences of Salespeople’s Perceptions of Role Clarity. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(3), 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377901600308
Unguren E., Arslan S. (2021). The effect of role ambiguity and role conflict on job performance in the hotel industry: the mediating effect of job satisfaction. Tourism & Management Studies, 17(1), 45-58, https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2021.170104
United Nations News. Time to address mental health issues in the workplace, UN agencies urge (2022). Retrieved from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1128171
Vander Elst T., De Witte H. & De Cuyper N. (2014) The Job Insecurity Scale: A psychometric evaluation across five European countries, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23:3, 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.745989
Voitenko E., Myronets S., Osodlo V., Kushnirenko K., Kalenychenko R. (2021). Influence of Emotional Burnout on Coping Behavior in Pedagogical Activity. International Journal of Organizational Leadership. 10(2). 183-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4159814
Publicado
2025-11-20
Cómo citar
Voitenko, E., Mozalov, V., Zazymko, O., Shylovska, O., & Boiko, N. (2025). Estrés laboral: cómo las exigencias laborales afectan el bienestar del empleado. Interacción Y Perspectiva, 16(1), 335-350. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17643216
Sección
Artículos de Investigación
