Evaluación comparativa de los efectos bioprotectores de cepas vivas y muertas (inactivadas por calor) de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum frente a la toxicidad inducida por Cadmio en ratas Wistar
Resumen
Este estudio se llevó a cabo para evaluar el potencial bioprotector de cepas vivas y muertas (inactivadas por calor) de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum frente a la toxicidad por cadmio en ratas Wistar. Elobjetivo fue determinar si las cepas vivas y termoinactivadas de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum podían atenuar las respuestas inflamatorias y de estrés oxidativo inducidas por cadmio y reducir los niveles séricos de cadmio en las ratas. Cuarenta y ocho ratas macho albinas Wistar se dividieron en seis grupos iguales : control (n = 8), cadmio (n = 8), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum viva (n = 8), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum muerta (n = 8), cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum viva y cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum muerta. Las ratas de los grupos cadmio, cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum viva y cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum muerta recibieron cloruro de cadmio (2 mg / kg) por vía oral mediante gavage gástrico, tres veces por semana durante 4 semanas. Las suspensiones de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum viva y muerta (109 – 1010 UFC / mL) se administraron a los grupos Lactiplantibacillus plantarum viva, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum muerta, cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum viva y cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum muerta con la misma frecuencia y duración. El grupo control recibió solución salina fisiológica. Posteriormente, los animales fueron decapitados y se recolectaron muestras de suero para la determinación de las concentraciones séricas de cadmio, citocinas (TNF - α, IL - 6, IL - 10, IL - 1β) y niveles de antioxidantes (malondialdehído, superóxido dismutasa, glutation peroxidasa, catalasa). La administración de cadmio provocó un aumento significativo de los niveles séricos de TNF - α e IL - 6, pero una disminución de los niveles de IL - 1β (P< 0,05). Los niveles de superóxido dismutasa y glutation peroxidasa se redujeron, mientras que las concentraciones de malondialdehído se elevaron únicamente en el grupo expuesto a cadmio (P < 0,05). Las administraciones de Lactiplantibacillus plantarum atenuaron la respuesta inflamatoria al provocar una disminución significativa de los niveles de IL - 6, especialmente en su forma inactivada por calor (cadmio + Lactiplantibacillus plantarum muerta) (P < 0,05). Tanto las formas vivas como las muertas mostraron tendencias de recuperación parcial en los niveles de superóxido dismutasa, glutation peroxidasa y catalasa. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum presentó propiedades parcialmente antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes y de unión a metales frente a la toxicidad por cadmio en ambas formas, y mostró un modelo bioprotector utilizable en términos de seguridad alimentaria y toxicología veterinaria cuando se aplicó junto con una matriz láctea.
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