Factors associated with neoplasms in treated dogs at a Veterinary clinic in the city of Guayaquil - Ecuador (2022–2024)
Abstract
Neoplasms in dogs represent a growing concern in veterinary clinical practice, prompting studies aimed at identifying associated risk factors. This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical variables linked to the occurrence of tumors in dogs treated at a veterinary clinic in the city of Guayaquil - Ecuador between 2022 and 2024. An observational, retrospective, and analytical design was applied, based on the analysis of 235 clinical records with histopathological confirmation. Results showed that the highest frequency of neoplasms occurred in dogs aged 7 to 10 years (48.5 %), with a higher incidence in males (52.8 %) and in neutered animals (51.5 %). Malignant neoplasms accounted for 61.7 % of the total cases, with the integumentary system being the most commonly affected (26.8 %). The most frequently affected breeds were Poodles and mixed breeds. Statistically significant associations (P < 0.05) were found between tumor type and neoplastic behavior, sterilization status, and anatomical location. These findings underscore the importance of epidemiological studies in veterinary oncology to establish preventive strategies, promote early diagnosis, and optimize therapeutic protocols in small animal practice.
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