El uso eficaz del propóleo hidrosoluble en la prevención de adherencias intraabdominales en un modelo experimental de ratas
Resumen
Las adherencias intraabdominales son una de las complicaciones postoperatorias más comunes después de procedimientos quirúrgicos. A nivel mundial, se encuentran entre las principales causas de reingresos hospitalarios, dolor crónico y afecciones graves como la infertilidad, tanto en la medicina humana como en la veterinaria. El riesgo de desarrollo es particularmente alto después de cirugías pélvicas y abdominales. A pesar de ser una condición común, aún no existe un método de tratamiento eficaz y confiable para prevenir las adherencias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto potencial del propóleo (administrado por vía oral e intraabdominal), gracias a sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes, en la prevención de adherencias intraabdominales. Las ratas utilizadas en el estudio se dividieron en cinco grupos: Grupo Control Saludable, Grupo Control, Grupo Simulado, Grupo de Propóleo Oral y Grupo de Propóleo Intraabdominal. Después de establecer el modelo de adhesión intraabdominal en las ratas, excluyendo los Grupo Control Saludable y Grupo Simulado, a las ratas del Grupo de Propóleo Oral se les administró 75 mg·kg-1 de propóleo por vía oral una vez al día durante 20 días, mientras que a las ratas del Grupo de Propóleo Intraabdominal se les administró una dosis única de 75 mg·kg-1 de propóleo por vía intraabdominal. Los resultados mostraron que los Grupo de Propóleo Oral y Grupo de Propóleo Intraabdominal presentaron puntuaciones de adherencias macroscópicas estadísticamente menores que el Grupo Control. Aunque no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a fibrosis al comparar los Grupo de Propóleo Oral e Grupo de Propóleo Intraabdominal con el Grupo Control, se observó que el grupo IPG presentó una severidad de inflamación significativamente menor que el Grupo Control. En los análisis bioquímicos, se reveló que los parámetros de estrés oxidativo de las ratas de los grupos con aplicación de propóleo, tanto oral como intraabdominal, fueron estadísticamente diferentes respecto al Grupo Control y que estos dos grupos se acercaron al Grupo Control Saludable en términos de estrés oxidativo. Como conclusión, se determinó que tanto la aplicación intraabdominal como la oral de propóleo previenen la formación de adherencias intraabdominales y pueden utilizarse con fines profilácticos tras operaciones abdominales y pélvicas.
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