Rev. Téc. Ing. Univ. Zulia. Vol. 43, No. 2, 2020, Mayo-Agosto, pp. 58-110
87
the adsorption is improved slightly due to particle size or
silica-aluminium interaction with carminic acid as was
presented before. In individual layers no differences were
adsorption may be related to complex interactions such as
the medium may change the chemical dissociation and
value for a non-ionized form of carminic acid and thus
the maximum adsorption may occur in soil. In Figure 8,an
ionic grup in the molecular structure of carminic acid is
variability in medium.
Figure 8. Molecular structure of carminic acid.
According to Figure 8, the carboxylic and even
the hydroxyl group affect the ionic form in carminic acid.
Additionally, the surface area and the high molecular
weight may be related to adsorption due to the thin pore
reduced, because hypothetically the absorbed carminic
acid may interact with ions which pass through the soil
transport of pollutants, which is the reason why although,
ionizablepollutants. Major pharmaceutical products are
weak acids and bases and thus, those products may be
Finally, the carminic acid is a degradable
substance by biological and physical processes and their
the carminic acid adsorbed in the porous soil may be
degraded by allocthonous microbiota and the delay
into the soil is unknown and, therefore, further studies
-1 from electric waste and electronic
waterbodies [21]. For this preliminary study, we may
say that soil with similar properties may be prepared as
soils and leached produced should be considered in the
pollutanttransport prediction and the water pollution.
studied in more details. For example, electronic waste
after their leaching.
Conclusions
properties of the soil and the physicochemical interactions
with the possible contaminants deposited there must be
layer removal from soil and low silty properties may
increase the passage of pollutants through the soil to reach
the presence of aluminum-silicates present may take an
bases soil-borne because ionic fractions can be easily
adsorbs weak acids and therefore, similar substances may
In this research, a natural biodegradable dye was used
physicochemical properties should be tested and their
possible impact on aquatic species due to pollutants soil-