Revista
de la
Universidad
del Zulia
Fundada en 1947
por el Dr. Jesús Enrique Lossada
DEPÓSITO LEGAL ZU2020000153
ISSN 0041-8811
E-ISSN 2665-0428
Ciencias del
Agro,
Ingeniería
y Tecnología
Año 15 N° 42
Enero - Abril 2024
Tercera Época
Maracaibo-Venezuela
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The use of Digital Technologies to Ensure Environmental Safety in the
Context of the Green Economy Development
Serhii Arefiev*
Iryna Zhyhlei**
Yuliia Pereguda***
Nataliia Kryvokulska****
Mariya Lushchyk*****
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the article is to justify the use of digital technologies to ensure
environmental safety in the context of the green economy development, taking into account
its tasks and principles. The research methodology is a comprehensive approach that makes
it possible to comprehensively approach the methods and techniques of scientific
knowledge, to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the subject of research, to reveal the
essence of the green economy and the purpose of implementing digital technologies to
ensure environmental safety, to follow the system-forming connections between economic,
social, and ecological processes in a global dimension, to highlight the directions of using
digital technologies to ensure environmental safety, which gives a synergistic effect for the
development of the green economy. It has been proven that the use of artificial intelligence
technologies, information logistics systems make it possible to solve many problems in
agriculture in the process of production, processing, transportation and preservation of
agricultural products. Highlighting the negative consequences of digitization in relation to
the environmental component, which includes the increase in energy consumption,
electronic waste and cyber security, made it possible to outline directions for their leveling.
KEYWORDS: Digital technologies, environmental safety, green economy.
*D.Sc. in Economics, International Professor, Doctorate Department, Hochschule Rhein Main, 18 Kurt-
Schumacher-Ring, Wiesbaden, 65197, Germany. ORCID: https://orcid.or/00000-0003-2184-458.
Е
-mail:
arefievso@gmail.com
**Zhytomyr Polytechnic State University, 103 Chudnivska Str., Zhytomyr, 10005, Ukraine. ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9529-6849. E-mail: IV_Zhygley@ukr.net
***National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 11 Heroiv Oborony Str., Kyiv, 03041,
Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-2509. E-mail: julilla.pereguda@gmail.com
****Western Ukrainian National University, 11 Lvivska Str., Ternopil, 46009, Ukraine. ORCID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-8762. E-mail: busines.nata@gmail.com
*****Lviv Polytechnic National University, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development,
Department of Tourism, 2/4 Karpinskoho Str., Lviv, 78021, Ukraine. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-
5411-348X. E-mail: murmarja@gmail.com
Recibido:20/07/2023 Aceptado: 11/10/2023
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El uso de tecnologías digitales para garantizar la seguridad ambiental en el
contexto del desarrollo de una Economía Verde
RESUMEN
El propósito del artículo es justificar el uso de tecnologías digitales para garantizar la
seguridad ambiental en el contexto del desarrollo de la economía verde, teniendo en cuenta
sus tareas y principios. La metodología de la investigación es un enfoque integral que
permite abordar los métodos y técnicas del conocimiento científico, realizar un análisis
integral del tema de investigación, revelar la esencia de la economía verde y el propósito de
implementar tecnologías digitales para garantizar la seguridad ambiental, seguir las
conexiones que forman sistemas entre los procesos económicos, sociales y ecológicos en una
dimensión global, resaltar las direcciones del uso de tecnologías digitales para garantizar la
seguridad ambiental, lo que da un efecto sinérgico para el desarrollo de la economía verde.
Se ha comprobado que el uso de tecnologías de inteligencia artificial y sistemas de logística
de la información permiten resolver muchos problemas en la agricultura en el proceso de
producción, procesamiento, transporte y conservación de productos agrícolas. Destacar las
consecuencias negativas de la digitalización en relación al componente ambiental, que
incluye el aumento del consumo de energía, los residuos electrónicos y la ciberseguridad,
permitió trazar direcciones para su nivelación.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Tecnologías digitales, seguridad ambiental, economía verde.
Introduction
Ensuring environmental security in the context of the green economy development
requires rational and efficient use of resources, which ensures the sustainability of the
development of economic entities.
Various international organizations make forecasts regarding the exhaustion of
resources and environmental pollution, so according to the forecasts of the Organization for
Economic Cooperation and Development, under the modern method of production and
consumption of resources to meet the growing needs of society in 50 years to 2050 on our
planet from 61% to 72% built-up volume of flora and fauna, 7.5 million km2 will be
disturbed, which are not subject to natural restoration. According to Global Footprint
Network estimates, the amount of resources that can be renewable is consumed on Earth
for 7 months and 13 days per year, the rest of the consumed resources per year are non-
renewable. That is, 38% of the energy consumed on Earth per year is non-renewable
(Global Footprint Network). Such trends are becoming increasingly relevant to the
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development of the green economy and ensuring environmental safety, which is facilitated
by the introduction of information technologies. The main postulate of the green economy
development is the statement that economic development directly depends on the natural
environment, which provides resources, and ensuring the well-being of the population and
social justice is possible due to the rational and efficient extraction and use of resources,
ensuring cyclical production, and reducing environmental risks.
The purpose of the article is to justify the use of digital technologies to ensure
environmental safety in the context of the green economy development. To achieve the goal
of the study, the authors were:
-firstly, the timeliness of scientific research in this area is substantiated;
secondly, the tasks and principles of the green economy were highlighted, which
made it possible to substantiate the need for the use of digital technologies to ensure
environmental safety;
-thirdly, the advantages of using digital technologies in the production sphere,
agriculture, at the government level, for the organization of the environmental monitoring
system, increasing the efficiency of energy systems, etc. are highlighted;
-fourthly, the negative consequences of the introduction of digital technologies are
clarified and directions for combating them are outlined;
-fifthly, the conducted research made it possible to prove the main results and
identify further directions of scientific research in this context.
It should be noted that modern globalization challenges, growing environmental
problems, growing unsatisfied demand and population size require increasing the
rationality and efficiency of resource use, taking into account the needs of future
generations. The outline and analysis of publication activity in this direction of scientific
research proves the need to deepen scientific research in the direction of using digital
technologies to ensure environmental safety in the context of the development of a green
economy.
1. Literature Review
The issue of the role of digital technologies in ensuring environmental safety, taking
into account the modern challenges of the green economy development, is becoming
increasingly relevant and timely. Articles (Popelo
О
. et al., 2023; Marhasova V. et al., 2023;
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Arefiev S., et al., 2022; Kholiavko N., et al., 2022), are devoted to various aspects of the
development of education in the conditions of digitalization in order to ensure
environmental safety and implement the concept of sustainable development. The
functioning of eco-industrial parks, their innovative development in the conditions of the
formation of a circular economy and within the framework of the implementation of the
goals of sustainable development are attributed to scientific research (Tulchynska S. et al.,
2022; Tkachenko T. et al., 2021; Pohrebniak A. et al., 2021; Petrashko L. et al., 2021;
Tulchynska S. et al., 2021; MelnychenkoA. et al., 2022).
Many publications are devoted to the problems of environmental safety in the
context of the green economy development. Scholars (Yang H. et al., 2023) examine direct
relationships between SME skills and strategic flexibility using the results of a Gaussian
mixed model between environmental human resource management and government other
constraints. The results of the study demonstrate that the right policy influence on human
capital through flexible digitalization affects regional or state-owned enterprises and firms
in conditions
The authors of the study (Jian Hou et al., 2023) evaluate China's digital economy
based on the experience of regional data and build a nonlinear dynamic threshold model to
incorporate the heterogeneous threshold of green technology innovation into the
influencing mechanism. The authors investigated that green technology innovation has a
heterogeneous threshold effect between the digital economy and carbon emissions: a lower
level of green technology innovation contributes to the carbon impact of the digital
economy to some extent, but when green technology innovation increases and exceeds the
threshold, the digital economy can dramatically reduce regional emissions carbon.
Within the framework of article (Popkova E.G. et al., 2023), the use of ICT in the
field of climate management is analyzed as the basis for increasing the effectiveness of the
functioning of ecologically oriented entrepreneurship. The article is aimed at assessing the
impact of the introduction of digital technologies on the effectiveness of business activity in
the context of the green economy development.
According to the authors (Mingkai Z. et al., 2023), green innovation and digital
economy are the new engine and driving force of China's high-quality development, and
they will become the main direction of high-quality development in China. Scientists
believe that it is important to investigate the interaction between them for the formulation
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of economic development policies. The article develops a system for evaluating the
effectiveness of green scientific and technical innovations and the level of the digital
economy.
Within the framework of the study (Jiang C. et al., 2022), the authors determined
the impact of digitalization and green technologies on health care outcomes. The results of
research by scientists show that digitalization leads to an increase in life expectancy in the
long term, although "green" technologies in the long term increase life expectancy, in the
short term they have a negligible effect on health.
The authors (Bai H., 2021) argue that digital technologies have gained momentum in
the last decade due to their links with digital entrepreneurship, digital economy, digital
social interaction, green economy, etc. The results of the academics' research show that
digital technologies have brought many benefits to organizations, such as centralization,
access to new markets and transparency, which have become possible remotely only
through the use of digital technologies in business operations.
The authors' study (Kantsalieva Z.L. et al., 2020) determined the current level of
diffusion of "green" digital technologies in the economy, and also developed scenarios and
recommendations to ensure the mass availability of these technologies for an accelerated
"green" digital economy. The authors argue that instead of fragmented technology
development, there is a need for systemic development that not only significantly increases
the level of the green digital economy in countries with very high and high and medium
levels of human development, but also reduces the gap between them, thus contributing to
a balanced global "green » digital economy.
Scientists (Chekalin V. et al., 2020) investigate the issue of trends in the influence of
green digital technologies on the formation of economic processes and environmental
changes.
In article (Srivastva A.N. et al., 2022), the authors investigated that nanocomposites
from environmentally friendly metals are used both in solving energy and environmental
problems. The easy processing and low production cost of these polymer materials also
attract environmental chemists to develop new polymer-metal composites within the
development of the green economy.
The authors (Haibin Qu et al., 2023) believe that smart delivery systems are
important for modifying pesticides and improving utilization rates, but the economic and
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environmental risks of carriers limit their practical application. As a conclusion, the
scientists' research provides insight into efficient and sustainable agricultural production
with the construction of an environmentally friendly nanocapsule platform using a co-
crystalline engineering strategy to ensure environmental safety.
2. Methodology
The methodology of an integrated approach to justify the directions of using digital
technologies to ensure environmental safety in the context of the development of a green
economy makes it possible to approach the methods and techniques of scientific knowledge
in a comprehensive manner, to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the research subject,
which is the process of implementing and using digital technologies to ensure
environmental safety. The use of an integrated approach made it possible to reveal the
essence of the green economy and the purpose of implementing digital technologies to
ensure environmental safety, to trace the system-forming connections between economic,
social, and environmental processes in the global dimension and in relation to the subjects
of social relations, to single out the directions of using digital technologies to ensure
environmental security, which gives a synergistic effect for the development of the green
economy. Also, with the application of the methodology of the integrated approach, the
shortcomings of the use of digital technologies were outlined and the directions for their
leveling were substantiated.
3. Results
It is appropriate to mention the following main tasks of the green economy:
introduction of renewable energy sources; building a rational waste management system;
improvement of the water resources management system; development of "clean" transport;
introduction of organic agriculture; increasing the energy efficiency of housing; ensuring
increased efficiency of ecosystem management (Fig. 1).
The fulfillment of the assigned tasks requires compliance with the following
principles:
- justice, which is achieved by equality of opportunities to use resources;
- respect, which implies social equality and well-being for all;
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- limitations based on the accounting and limitations of ecological loads of the
ecosystem;
Figure 1. Methodological principles of substantiation of directions for the use of digital
technologies to ensure environmental safety in the context of the green economy development
Source: built by the authors
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- participation, which involves the involvement of all subjects of the economy in
decision-making and their compliance;
- management, which is ensured by transparency and reporting on the use of
resources and the burden on environmental safety;
- sustainability, which corresponds to the principles of sustainable development of
its economic, ecological and social components;
- efficiency achieved through rational production and consumption;
- communication between generations, which involves the careful use of exhaustive
resources and ensuring the implementation of technologies for their preservation, taking
into account the needs of future generations.
The outlined tasks and principles of the green economy require ensuring
environmental safety through the use of digital technologies, which make it possible to
comprehensively approach the solution of the tasks and improve the existing approaches to
their achievement.
Digital technologies were initially considered from the point of view of increasing
the efficiency of already existing business processes due to the increase in product quality,
cost reduction, reduction of production time, optimization of logistics chains. Today, the
role of digital technologies and their impact has changed radically not only in relation to
business entities, but also in relation to the entire society and its further development. By
joining digital systems, the rationality and efficiency of the use of resources, production and
sales of products and services increases, new opportunities are opened and new values are
formed in the market (Fig. 2).
Today, digital technologies are increasingly being used in the activities of economic
entities. Information has become as important a resource for production as other material
resources, modern technologies make it possible to process large information arrays, which
contribute to the adoption of more effective management decisions regarding the
satisfaction of demand, use of resources, adaptation to environmental changes and their
forecasting. The implementation of digital technologies and electronic document
circulation at enterprises reduce the costs of paper needs. On a planetary scale, this is a
significant advantage. Thus, according to UN data, over the past 40 years, paper
consumption has increased by 400%, which leads to the destruction of forest areas,
according to experts' estimates, 35% of wood is used for paper production.
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Figure 2.
Advantages, disadvantages and directions of their leveling in relation to the use of
digital technologies to ensure environmental safety in the conditions of the green economy
development
Source: built by the authors
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Such digital technologies as 5G, cloud computing, 3-D printing, blockchain and
others significantly reduce the cost of operational activities, energy consumption, increase
the efficiency of resource use, and increase the stability of economic entities in today's
conditions of aggravation of risks and crises. The development of electronic commerce,
electronic banking, and virtual meetings make it possible to reduce the number of trips and
thereby reduce environmental pollution. The paradigmatic philosophy of implementing
Industry 4.0 principles at enterprises contributes to achieving maximum productivity and
efficient use of resources.
Modern conditions of globalization processes lead to the strategic integration of the
environmental policy of the governments of the countries of the world, which is possible
due to the use of digital technologies in the form of electronic governance of the
environmental sphere, automation of environmental data systems, which makes it possible
to ensure transparency and accessibility when making management decisions in the
direction of ensuring environmental safety. The adoption of management decisions using
digital technologies at the level of international organizations and governments of countries
of the world increases their quality and contributes to slowing down climate change,
improving the environmental situation, and observing the principles of the formation of a
green economy.
It is important to ensure the functioning and development of the environmental
monitoring system at all levels of management, which includes monitoring the state of
atmospheric air, water, land and soil, the geological state of the subsoil and its depletion,
forest and other plant resources, the ecosystem as a whole. The environmental monitoring
system due to the implementation of modern digital technologies will contribute to the
coordination of management decisions at various levels regarding environmental safety in
the context of the green economy development. Obtaining and processing complete
information on the state of the environment, resource use, pollution and other information,
its processing, accumulation and storage in a single system contributes to the adoption of
effective decisions to ensure environmental safety, the development of strategies to increase
the rationality of the use and attraction of resources, forecasting environmental changes
taking into account the economic and social development.
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The use of artificial intelligence technologies, information logistics systems makes it
possible to solve many problems in agriculture in the process of production, processing,
transportation and preservation of agricultural products.
Digital technologies, for example through the use of IoT and artificial intelligence
technologies, make it possible to monitor air or noise quality in real time, identify the level
of air pollution and its causes, water pollution and leaks, increase the efficiency of water
distribution, determine the amount of waste and optimize its disposal, reduce energy
consumption, reduce CO2 emissions.
Implementation of digital technologies plays a big role in more efficient use of energy.
This is not only the introduction of various devices for accounting and adjusting the use of
energy, but also increasing the productivity of its production. For example, the creation of
information systems for the regulation of wind power plants and the use of artificial
intelligence makes it possible to reduce the costs of their maintenance, to regulate the
supply of electricity depending on the time and volume of its need. The use of digital
technologies that allow you to adjust the direction of solar panels depending on the
direction of the sun's rays during the day is 45% more efficient than static solar panels.
Therefore, the use of various digital technologies makes it possible to balance the
volumes of production and supply of energy in a single energy system depending on its
needs, to increase the efficiency of the production of alternative renewable energy sources.
Today, innovative projects are being actively implemented, which are based on
digital technologies and involve the development of smart cities, ecological transport, smart
agriculture, electronic governments, etc. All this activates the development of the green
economy and increases environmental safety.
It should be noted that the use of digital technologies to ensure environmental safety
in the context of the green economy development, like any process, has certain negative
trends. The negative consequences of digitalization in relation to the environmental
component include:
First, the growth of energy consumption. Yes, indeed, digital technologies require
the use of electricity, which leads to carbon emissions. According to experts, information
and communication technologies consume 3.6% of the total demand for electricity in the
world and create 1.4% of carbon emissions. But, at the same time, digital technologies help
to more efficiently produce and redistribute electricity depending on its needs.
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Second, the growth of e-waste. According to experts' estimates, electronic waste,
consisting of used electrical appliances, electronic casing, computers, and various electronic
gadgets, makes up about 2% of the total volume. In this direction, many leading
manufacturers of electronic packaging are already implementing a policy to reduce such
waste through restyling, implementation of circular recycling principles, etc. It is important
in this direction to spread and stimulate the development of demo poser companies, whose
work is based on waste as a resource from which, as a result of processing and other
transformations, new materials are created to ensure the production processes of various
spheres of economic activity.
Third, the growth of cyber security. Yes, any arrays of information and databases can
be used both positively and negatively. Naturally, the fight against cybercrimes is carried
out both at the level of individual enterprises and at the level of Governments and
international organizations. The harmonization of standards at the level of the countries of
the world regarding digital security, prevention of cybercrimes, and responsibility for
cybercriminal activity can become an obstacle to cybercrime.
Despite the negative manifestations of digitalization, the implementation of digital
technologies has great potential for ensuring environmental safety and the development of a
green economy through the reduction of industrial emissions and their regulation, the
creation of a system of environmental monitoring and assessment of the ecosystem. Digital
transformation becomes the driving force of economic, ecological and social development,
unites various subjects of globalization relations in the direction of achieving the goals of
the green economy.
So, despite certain negative manifestations, the use of digital technologies to ensure
environmental safety in the context of the green economy development has much more
positive results. In general, the digitalization process is increasingly growing and global, its
use in relation to environmental security is indisputable.
4. Discussion
Supporting the results of the authors' research (Ghaseminejad A. et al., 2023), we
would like to note the relevance of the article, which considers the problem of reliable
planning of facilities taking into account unpredictable standards of health care and
environmental safety.
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Considering the results of the study (Landi C. et al., 2023) to be relevant, he wants to
note that today the use of sewage sludge and carbon in agriculture is a common practice for
soil conditioning and crop fertilization, but recently there has been a safety problem for
human health and the environment due to the presence of toxic compounds. Therefore,
validation of the suitability of proteomics in combination with the bioanalytical tools
researched by scientists is necessary.
Considering the timely study (Boisseaux P. et al., 2023), it should be noted that the
authors investigate bioplastics derived from organic materials other than crude oil, often
proposed as sustainable solutions to deal with processed plastic waste, but little is known
about their ecotoxicity to aquatic species, which is extremely relevant. to ensure
environmental safety.
Supporting the methodical approach to environmental safety risk assessment in the
agricultural sector of the economy developed by the authors (Shkuratov O. et al., 2019), it
should be noted that in order to prevent the introduction of complex methods of assessing
environmental safety risks, scientists suggested using a binary method of management
decision-making to determine the probability of their occurrence. As a result of the
approbation of the methodical approach, the regions of Ukraine were grouped according to
the level of environmental safety risk in the agrarian sector of the economy, which will
make it possible to determine the appropriate strategic priorities.
Research (Matyushenko I. et al.,2015) is relevant, within the scope of the article, the
authors considered the current trends in the development of the bioeconomy based on the
application of biotechnology in environmental safety and agriculture, including genetically
modified and other agricultural crops, which are important in the context of the green
economy development and ensuring environmental safety.
Despite the large number of publications, we would like to note that the issue of
using digital technologies to ensure environmental safety in the context of the green
economy development is relevant and requires further research.
Conclusion
The conducted research makes it possible to note that the use of digital technologies
at the level of various economic entities is a tool for ensuring environmental safety in the
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context of the development of a green economy and makes it possible to achieve a balance
of economic and environmental components, taking into account social social development.
The scientific novelty of this study is the justification of the use of digital
technologies to ensure environmental safety in the context of the development of a green
economy using a comprehensive approach, which involves highlighting the advantages of
using digital technologies in the production sphere, agriculture, at the level of governments,
for the organization of the environmental monitoring system, increasing the efficiency of
energy systems , as well as highlighting the shortcomings of the use of digital technologies
and directions for their leveling, which makes it possible to ensure the achievement of the
goals of the green economy development in compliance with the principles of justice,
advantage, limitation, participation, management, sustainability, efficiency and connection
between generations.
Digital technologies increase environmental safety by introducing ecological
production methods, reduce the negative impact on the environment. The use of digital
technologies contributes to the development of the green economy by increasing the
efficiency of production, reducing the demand for natural resources, reducing the use of
non-renewable resources, increasing the effectiveness of environmental monitoring, etc.
Further directions of scientific exploration in the direction of the use of digital
technologies to ensure environmental safety in the context of the development of a green
economy are the solution of the problem of the contradiction of the greening of production,
the strengthening of stimulation of the attraction of green investments and the
development of innovative technologies, the formation of a new worldview of the
population to the problems of environmental preservation.
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