Reactivación y coinfecciones virales en COVID-19: otro elemento a considerar. Revisión Sistemática

• Roberto Ponce-Pincay Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico. Jipijapa. Manabí-Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-0397
• Diana Cajellas Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador. Sede Esmeraldas. Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico. Esmeraldas. Esmeraldas-Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-5357

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56903/kasmera.5138571

Palabras clave: coinfección, COVID-19, inmunosupresores, linfopenia, infección latente

Resumen

La COVID-19 es una enfermedad que afecta a la población mundial, representando un reto social y sanitario. El SARS-CoV-2 muestra afinidad por el sistema respiratorio, por ser la puerta de entrada y el sitio primario de replicación. Aunque las manifestaciones respiratorias sean las más frecuentes, se han reportado manifestaciones gastrointestinales, renales, neurológicas, cardiacas; entre otras. Un elemento que no ha recibido en la atención que merece es la reactivación y las coinfecciones virales. Como es bien sabido, el tratamiento de COVID-19 en sus formas graves y críticas incluyen productos biológicos, corticoesteroides, ventilación mecánica y la múltiple farmacoterapia, aunado a la fisiopatología propia de la enfermedad que es caracterizada por una tormenta de citoquinas; conlleva a que se reactiven infecciones virales que se consideran latentes y crónicas, agravando aún más el cuadro clínico. En esta revisión sistemática se ha encontrado que eventos hematológicos como la leucopenia y linfopenia junto al uso desmedido de esteroides, y la larga estancia hospitalaria puede conllevar a la reactivación de virus que pertenecen a la familia Herperviridae (Virus Epstein-Barr (VEB), Citomegalovirus (CMV) y el virus del Herpes (VHS1/2)) así como virus hepatotropos (virus de la Hepatitis B (VHB) y C(VHC), que pueden complicar el pronóstico clínico

Citas

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