Ultrasonido en la detección de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) de pacientes adultos. Revisión Sistemática

• Andrés Candela Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9592-2037
• Chejeru Balbás Universidad de Los Andes. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Mérida-Mérida. Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2737
• Mike Contreras Universidad Federal de Goiás. Campus Colemar Natal e Silva. Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública. Área de imunologia. Goiânia-Goiás. Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9899-5306
• Yenddy Carrero Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Carrera de Medicina. Campus Ingahurco. Ambato-Tungurahua. Ecuador http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-4468

DOI: https://doi.org/10.56903/kasmera.5138118

Palabras clave: neumonía, adulto, ultrasonido, radiografía, tomografía

Resumen

El abordaje de las enfermedades infecciosas precisa desde la identificación del agente etiológico hasta el tratamiento. En la neumonía, las herramientas diagnósticas son diversas; como la tomografía axial computarizada, radiografía de tórax y recientemente el ultrasonido pulmonar (UP), cada una con ventajas y desventajas. Por esta razón, se planteó revisar sistemáticamente la literatura sobre la precisión diagnóstica del UP en la detección de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en pacientes adultos, y determinar si es una óptima herramienta diagnóstica. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CENTRAL y LILACS. Se determinó la calidad de los artículos incluidos usando la herramienta “QUADAS-2”. La sensibilidad y especificidad del UP fueron de 82.8%-100% y 61.1%-98.7%. Por su parte, la sensibilidad de la RX de tórax fue de 47%-72,7 %, y una especificidad del 50%. Se determinó un acuerdo inter-observador con un rango para el índice κ = 0,79-0,88 para el UP. En este estudio se demostró que el UP usada para el diagnóstico de la NAC tiene un mejor rendimiento en términos de sensibilidad y especificidad; además, de su bajo costo, disponibilidad, comodidad y ausencia de ionización, asegura la utilidad de esta herramienta diagnóstica. (PROSPERO ID 332552).

Citas

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