Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an updated review.
Manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas con la infección por SARS-CoV-2: una revisión actualizada.
Palabras clave:
manifestaciones neurológicas, mecanismo neuroinvasivo, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Resumen
El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus de ARN monocatenario que pertenece al grupo de los siete coronavirus que afectan a los humanos y cuya infección causa la enfermedad COVID-19. La asociación entre la infección por COVID-19 y factores de riesgo de manifestaciones neurológicas aún no está clara. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo actualizar la descripción de las principales manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas a la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Presentamos la hipótesis de los mecanismos de neuroinvasión del SARS-CoV-2. Luego discutimos los posibles síntomas asociados a los pacientes con infección por COVID-19 en el sistema nervioso central y periférico y, posteriormente, las perspectivas de diagnóstico y tratamiento de las posibles manifestaciones neurológicas. La hipótesis del mecanismo de neuroinvasión incluye rutas directas cuando el virus cruza la barrera hematoencefálica o tiene acción vía del receptor ACE2 y vías indirectas tales como el mal funcionamiento del sistema inmunitario y la desregulación del sistema vascular. Diversos estudios reportan consecuencias del COVID-19, como la presencia de alteraciones neuroanatómicas y deterioro cognitivo, además de condiciones periféricas como anosmia, ageusia y Síndrome de Guillain Barré. La heterogeneidad de los estudios sobre el daño neurológico en pacientes después de la infección por COVID-19 impide cualquier generalización de los hallazgos actuales. Finalmente, son necesarios nuevos estudios enfocándose en comprender el diagnóstico adecuado, el método terapéutico de tratamiento temprano y el grupo de riesgo para las manifestaciones neurológicas de la pos infección por COVID-19.
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Publicado
2023-03-03
Cómo citar
Cevallos-Macías, D., Vizcaíno Salazar, G., & Siteneski, A. (2023). Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an updated review.: Manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas con la infección por SARS-CoV-2: una revisión actualizada. Investigación Clínica, 64(1), 108-122. https://doi.org/10.54817/IC.v64n1a08
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