National Security and Public Safety: Models of Legal Regulation in Comparative Perspective

Seguridad Nacional y Seguridad Pública: Modelos de regulación jurídica en perspectiva comparada

• Yuliia Danylevska Donetsk State University of Internal Affair. Kropivnitskiy, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-8473
• Tamara Makarenko Berdyansk State Pedagogical University. Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2893-7789
• Volodymyr Myroshnychenko Berdyansk State Pedagogical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-1299
• Tetiana Lysenko Berdyansk State Pedagogical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0109-4469
• Iryna Petiahina Berdyansk State Pedagogical University. Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-9710
• Dmitriy Kamensky Berdyansk State Pedagogical University. Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-2514

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4179.36

Palabras clave: seguridad nacional, seguridad pública, fuerzas del orden, policía y comunidad, derechos y libertades

Resumen

El documento aborda algunas cuestiones acuciantes de seguridad nacional y seguridad pública en varias jurisdicciones, incluida Ucrania. Se hace hincapié en la correlación entre dos conceptos principales. Se demuestra que en el mundo moderno son significativos los riesgos relacionados con la seguridad nacional y, por tanto, también con la seguridad pública. Se ilustran los enfoques para definir los dos componentes principales del Estado y se señalan los elementos principales. Se subraya que hoy en día la seguridad es uno de los valores (derechos) clave para cualquier persona y ciudadano y que generalmente está prescrita en las Constituciones nacionales. Se han debatido las disposiciones del proyecto de Estrategia de Seguridad Pública y Defensa Civil de Ucrania (2021), relacionadas con la seguridad nacional y la seguridad pública. Finalmente, se han esbozado las principales amenazas a la seguridad de la comunidad y de los ciudadanos individuales y se han elaborado los medios para superarlas. En las conclusiones se ha establecido que la formulación de un modelo de perspectiva del sector de la seguridad y la defensa para las autoridades ejecutivas centrales, presenta diversas oportunidades, así como desafíos. Además, es difícil dar una definición jurídica clara y omnicomprensiva del concepto de «seguridad pública».

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