Non-state social security: International legal comparative experience
Seguridad social no estatal: Experiencia jurídica internacional comparada
Palabras clave:
seguridad social no estatal, fondos de pensiones no estatales, seguridad social internacional, cartera de inversiones, organizaciones no estatales
Resumen
El sistema de seguridad social de Ucrania enfrenta importantes dificultades. Los desafíos de la guerra se suman a los problemas económicos y demográficos previamente existentes. El doloroso tema de asegurar los estándares sociales de la población en condiciones de escasez de fondos, pone en primer plano las formas de reducir la carga sobre los presupuestos. En este sentido, la seguridad social no estatal es de gran importancia. Ante esto, es importante estudiar la experiencia internacional del funcionamiento de los sistemas de seguridad social no estatales. El propósito del trabajo fue analizar la efectividad del sistema ucraniano de seguridad social no estatal, en comparación con los sistemas correspondientes de otros países y estudiar las normas internacionales. La base metodológica de esta investigación se sirvió de métodos, como: histórico, estadístico, legal comparado, legal formal y el método de emergencia. En las conclusiones del caso, se explican las peculiaridades del sistema de pensiones no estatal de Ucrania y se investigan los problemas a los que se enfrenta. Se consideran varios mecanismos que pueden conducir a un aumento de su eficacia y popularidad entre la población. Se remarcó que es necesario introducir cambios, incluso a través de la implementación de documentos legales internacionales.
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MEDVID, Anna. 2018. “International legal standards of non-state social security” In: Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Series: Law. Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 123-126.
MELNYK, Viktor. 2018. “Trends in the implementation of international (European) social standards in the process of legislative provision of social protection of persons with disabilities” In: Public law. Vol. 3, pp. 115-123.
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SANTORO, Marika. 2017. Pension Reform Options in Chile: Some Tradeoffs, IMF WP/17/53. Available online. In: https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WP/2017/wp1753.ashx. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
STOCKHOLM SATAT. 2022. Family and Social Welfare. Available online.In: http://international.stockholm.se/governance/familyand-social-welfare. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
SYDENKO, Svitlana. 1999. Development of social protection systems in the conditions of economic globalization. Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine.
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TYSHCHENKO, Olena. 2015. “The experience of social welfare of the population in the leading countries of the European Union” In: Scientific Bulletin of the Kherson State University. Series: Legal sciences. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 76-81.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2003. 1057-IV, On non-state pension provision. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1057-15#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2003. 1058-IV, On mandatory state pension insurance. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1058-15#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
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USAID. 2019. Project “Financial Sector Transformation” Non-state pension provision in Ukraine: Assessment and recommendations. Available online. In: https://knpf.bank.gov.ua/dl/nederzhavne_pensiine_ zabezpechennia_v_ukraini_otsinka_ta_rekomendatsii_Text.pdf. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
VAKULENKO, Volodymyr; ORLATYI, Mykhailo. 2010. Social protection of the population of Ukraine. Phoenix. Kyiv, Ukraine.
VIZHUNOV, Oleksandr. 2019. “The value of social security as a whole for the legal system” In: Social law. Vol. 3, pp. 91-93. Available online. In: http:// nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/sopr_2019_3_17. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
BOND, Robert. 2018. USAID project “Financial Sector Transformation” Main issues of reforming the pension system in Ukraine. Available online. In: http://www.fst-ua.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Key-Issues-in-Pension-System-Reform-in-Ukraine_Aug2018_UA.pdf. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
BOYKO, Oleksandr. 2022. Pension reform: how pensions will be paid and indexed in Ukraine. Suspilne site. Available online. In: https://suspilne.media/369610-nakopicuvalna-pensia-ta-indeksacia-socialnih-viplat-so-vidomo/. Consultation date: 08/01/2023.
CARITAS GERMANY. 2022. The Role of NGOs in Germany. Available online. In: www.caritasgermany.org/cms/contents/.../becker_gai.pdf. Consultation date: 15/12/2022.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE. 1996. European Social Charter. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_062#Text. Consultation date: 15/12/2022.
DATSYUK, Regina. 2019. Head of the NSMSC: Investing in a washing machine is more profitable than in a private pension fund. Minfin. Available online.In: https://minfin.com.ua/2019/04/24/37468859/. Consultation date:
15/09/2022.
DMYTRENKO, Evhen. 2022. Peculiarities of financial, legal and organizational provision of social protection of citizens in the conditions of European integration of Ukraine. Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice, 3, 234-242. Available online. In: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Fkd_2022_3_26. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
HOLZMANN, Robert; HINZ, Richard Paul; DORFMAN, Mark. 2008. Pension Systems and Reform Conceptual Framework. Available online. In: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237540610_Pension_ systems_and_reform_conceptual_framework. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
HUDZ, Anna. 2019. “Financing of non-state social security in Ukraine” In: Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Series: Law. Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 152-155.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION. 1962. Convention on the main goals and norms of social policy No. 117. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/993_016#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION. 1983. Convention on Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of the Disabled N159. Available online. In: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/fr/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:55:0::NO::P55_TYPE,P55_LANG,P55_DOCUMENT,P55_NODE:CON,en,C159,/Document. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION. 2013. Strategy of the International Labor Organization. Social security for all: building social protection floors and comprehensive social security systems. Available online. In: https://komspip.rada.gov.ua/uploads/documents/30080.pdf. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF). 2017. Reforming Ukraine’s Pension System, Country Report No. 17/84. Available online. In: https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/CR/2017/cr1784.ashx. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
MEDVID, Anna. 2018. “International legal standards of non-state social security” In: Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Series: Law. Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 123-126.
MELNYK, Viktor. 2018. “Trends in the implementation of international (European) social standards in the process of legislative provision of social protection of persons with disabilities” In: Public law. Vol. 3, pp. 115-123.
MINFIN. 2021. When NPFs will start investing in cryptocurrencies and what they are currently earning for clients. Available online. In: https://minfin. com.ua/ua/invest/articles/kogda-npf-nachnut-vkladyvat-sredstva-v-kriptovalyuty-i-na-chem-seychas-zarabatyvayut-dlya-klientov/. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
MK WEB-SITE. 2021. How foreign pension funds make money for the elderly. Available online. In: https://www.mk.ru/economics/2021/02/21/kak-inostrannye-pensionnye-fondy-zarabatyvayut-dengi-dlya-starikov.html. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
NATIONAL SECURITIES AND STOCK MARKET COMMISSION. 2023. The official web-site. Available online. In: https://www.nssmc.gov.ua/category/news/. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
PALMAR, Darina. 2021. Retirement investment: where do private pension funds invest. League website. Available online. In: https://finance.liga. net/personal/article/pensionnye-investitsii-kuda-vkladyvayut-dengi-chastnye-pensionnye-fondy. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
SANTORO, Marika. 2017. Pension Reform Options in Chile: Some Tradeoffs, IMF WP/17/53. Available online. In: https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WP/2017/wp1753.ashx. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
STOCKHOLM SATAT. 2022. Family and Social Welfare. Available online.In: http://international.stockholm.se/governance/familyand-social-welfare. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
SYDENKO, Svitlana. 1999. Development of social protection systems in the conditions of economic globalization. Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine.
TARTASYUK,Svitlana.2019.Top10non-statepensionfunds:trustorrisk.Minfin.Available online. In: https://minfin.com.ua/2019/11/28/39680433/.Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
TKALYCH, Maxym; ARBELÁEZ-ENCARNACIÓN, Tanya Fernanda. 2022.The world in 2023: continuing uncertainty. Available online. In: https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/2186/3064. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
TKALYCH, Maxym; KOLOMOIETS, Tetiana; DAVYDOVA, Iryna. 2022. The world in the post-Covid era: current issues of economics, politics, law. Available online. In: https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/1900/2438. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
TYSHCHENKO, Olena. 2015. “The experience of social welfare of the population in the leading countries of the European Union” In: Scientific Bulletin of the Kherson State University. Series: Legal sciences. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 76-81.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2003. 1057-IV, On non-state pension provision. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1057-15#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2003. 1058-IV, On mandatory state pension insurance. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1058-15#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 1996. Law 254к/96-ВР, Constitution of Ukraine. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
LAW OF UKRAINE. 2012. 4452-VI, About the system of guaranteeing deposits of individuals. Bulletin of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4452-17#Text. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
UNITED NATIONS. 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available online. In: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
UNITED NATIONS. 1966. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Available online. In: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant- economic-social-and-cultural-rights. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
UNITAD NATIONS. 1993. Standard rules for ensuring equal opportunities for the disabled. Available online. In: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/standard-rules-equalization- opportunities-persons-disabilities. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
UNITED NATIONS. 2006. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Available online. In: https://social.desa.un.org/issues/disability/crpd/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities- crpd. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
USAID. 2019. Project “Financial Sector Transformation” Non-state pension provision in Ukraine: Assessment and recommendations. Available online. In: https://knpf.bank.gov.ua/dl/nederzhavne_pensiine_ zabezpechennia_v_ukraini_otsinka_ta_rekomendatsii_Text.pdf. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
VAKULENKO, Volodymyr; ORLATYI, Mykhailo. 2010. Social protection of the population of Ukraine. Phoenix. Kyiv, Ukraine.
VIZHUNOV, Oleksandr. 2019. “The value of social security as a whole for the legal system” In: Social law. Vol. 3, pp. 91-93. Available online. In: http:// nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/sopr_2019_3_17. Consultation date: 15/09/2022.
Publicado
2023-08-08
Cómo citar
Krasnov, Y., Truba, V., Hudz, A., Potopakhina, O., & Skorobagatko , A. (2023). Non-state social security: International legal comparative experience: Seguridad social no estatal: Experiencia jurídica internacional comparada. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(78), 504-522. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4178.35
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