Determinants of smuggling and ways to combat it

Determinantes del Contrabando y Formas de Combatirlo

• Oleg Reznik Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-8863
• Olha Bondarenko Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-1393
• Maryna Utkina Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3801-3742
• Lyudmila Telizhenko Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-513X
• Artem Sorokin Sumy State University, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9765-3830

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.49

Palabras clave: determinantes del contrabando, determinantes de la corrupción, lucha con el contrabando, Servicio Estatal de Aduanas de Ucrania, Europa del este

Resumen

Dadas las peculiaridades de la situación geográfica de Ucrania y los conflictos militares en el este del país, los efectos nocivos del contrabando en el desarrollo económico del país no dejan de aumentar. El volumen del contrabando asciende a unos 209.000-311.000 millones de grivnas. El artículo pretende determinar los principales factores determinantes del contrabando para elaborar medidas adaptadas a las necesidades del desarrollo social ucraniano. En el artículo hemos utilizado diversos métodos de conocimiento científico, que nos han permitido enriquecer nuestra investigación para hacerla más significativa. El análisis de las estadísticas oficiales, los ejemplos de la práctica policial y la investigación sociológica y jurídica nos permitieron identificar las principales causas del contrabando en Ucrania. Los autores concluyen que, sobre la base de los determinantes seleccionados del contrabando en Ucrania, es esencial dar prioridad a la aplicación de medidas preventivas, es decir, impedir las condiciones de su comisión y también la reanudación de la responsabilidad penal por el contrabando comercial de mercancías. Además, se impone la necesidad de diseñar más y mejores políticas públicas para minimizar las condiciones que posibilitan la acción de los agentes contrabandistas.

Citas

5 WAYS OF SMUGGLING TO THE OCCUPIED DONBASS. 2021. Available online. In: https://hromadske.ua/posts/5-shliakhiv-kontrabandy-na-okupovanyi-donbas-zvit Consultation date: 04/23/2022 (in Ukrainian).

ANALYSIS OF SMUGGLING VOLUMES IN UKRAINE: SCALE, DIRECT / INDIRECT LOSSES OF THE BUDGET AND THE ECONOMY. 2021. Association Of “Enterprises Of Information Technologies Of Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://apitu.org.ua/node/119. Consultation date: 06/12/2022 (in Ukrainian).

BABIKOV, Dmytro 2019. “Problems of criminal liability for smuggling goods in modern maintenance conditions Security on Ukraine’s state” In: Bulletin of LDUVS named after E. O. Didorenko. Vol. 03, No. 87, рр. 87-99. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.33766/2524-0323.87.87-99. Consultation date: 06/12/2022 (in Ukrainian).

BASU, Gautam. 2014. “Combating illicit trade and transnational smuggling: key challenges for customs and border control agencies” In: World Customs Journal. Vol. 08, No. 02, рр. 15-26.

BUSOL, Оlha. 2019. The problem of smuggling in Ukraine: how to change the system of counteraction? Available online. In: https://lexinform. com.ua/dumka-eksperta/problema-kontrabandy-v-ukrayini-yak- zminyty-systemu-protydiyi/#:~:text=1.,що%20дають%20життя%20 контрабандним%20схемам. Consultation date: 12/06/2022 (in Ukrainian).

CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE. 2001. Law № 2341-III. Information of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, № 25-26, 2001. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14. Consultation date: 12/06/2022 (in Ukrainian).

CUSTOMS CODE OF UKRAINE. 2021. (Reports of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (VVR), 2012, No. 44-45, No. 46-47, No. 48, Article 552). Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/4495-17. Consultation date: 12/06/2022 (in Ukrainian).

FILIPPOVA, Elena. 2019. “Smuggling: history of development of criminal legal norms of responsibility for smugglers in customs area and measures for its prevention” In: Baltic Humanities Journal. Vol. 08, No. 02 (27), рр. 183-186 (in Ukrainian).

KREDISOV, Alexei, BEREZNYUK, Ihor. 2009. “The World Customs Organization as an institution of customs management at the international level” In: Journal of European Economics. Vol. 08, No. 02, рр. 168-190.

KUBLICKIS, Raimonds. 2020. “EU Border Security the Drivers and Barriers of Border Guarding Authorities Motivation in Technological Innovation. Case of Latvia Border security and management” In: Journals of Rezekne academy of technologies. No. 10, рр.146-158. Available online. In: http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v3i8.5367. Consultation date: 26/06/2022.

KULISH, Anatoliy; CHUMAK, Volodymyr; CHERNYSH, Roman; KHAN, Oleksandr; HAVRIK, Roman. 2020. “Measures to combat smuggling and corruption in the customs clearance of commercial goods in Ukraine” In: Amazonia Investiga. Vol. 09, No. 30, рр. 99-110. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.30.06.10. Consultation date: 26/06/2022.

KULISH, Anatoliy; PETRUSHENKO, Mykola; REZNIK, Oleg; KISELYOVA, Elena. 2018. “The relations unshadowing in business activities: the economic and legal factors of security at the macroeconomic level” In: Problems and Perspectives in Management. Vol. 16, No. 01, рр. 428-436. Available online. In: http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(1).2018.40. Consultation date: 26/06/2022.

KULITSKY, Serhiy. 2021. “Shadow market of tobacco products: counterfeit production and smuggling” In: Ukraine: events, facts, comments. No. 06, рр. 40-51 (in Ukrainian).

Law of Ukraine. 2003. On The State Border Guard Service Of Ukraine. No. 661-IV. Available online In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/661-15/ print. Consultation date: 06/12/2022 (in Ukrainian).

LIPINSKY, Viacheslav. 2014. “Legal Aspects of Counteraction Illegal Movement of Tobacco Products Through The Customs Border of Ukraine” In: AMSU Bulletin. Series: “Law”. Vol. 01, No. 12, pp. 59-64 (in Ukrainian).

MILITARY+AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS. 2018. The Role of Technology in Securing the Nation’s Borders. 2018. Available online: In: https:// www.militaryaerospace.com/unmanned/article/16707261/the-role- of-technology-in-securing-the-nations-borders. Consultation date: 13/12/2021.

MIRI, Hossein, GHASEMI, Mohammad. 2019. “Start smuggling goods and currency – damages and reasons” In: Humanidades & Inovacao Vol. 06, No. 13. рр. 313-322.

MOHAMMAD, Hossein Geranmayeh. 2019. “Start smuggling goods and currency – damages and reasons” In: Revista Humanidades e Inovação. Vol. 06, No.13, рр. 313-322.

NASTYUK, Vasyl; MIKHAILOV, Oleskandr; IZBASH, Ekaterina; KONDRATENKO, Vitalii. 2020. “Judicial control in the implementation of investigative (search) actions that require prior permission” In: Amazonia investiga. Vol. 09, No. 28, pp. 151-158.

NIKIFORENKO, Volodymyr. 2020a. “Arrangement of the state border and deployment border subdivision: regulatory aspects” In: Law and Society. No. 04, рр. 309-315. Available online. In: https://doi. org/10.32842/2078-3736/2020.4.44 Consultation date: 12/06/2022 (in Ukrainian).

NIKIFORENKO, Volodymyr. 2020b. “Engineering and technical equipment of the state border as an integral component integrated state border management” In: Legal novels. No. 11. рр. 196-203. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.32847/ln.2020.11.25. Consultation date: 12/12/2022. (in Ukrainian).

“POSTAL SMUGGLING”: CHEAP IMPORTS OR EUROPEAN WAGES. 2019. Available online. In: https://rpr.org.ua/news/poshtova-kontrabanda-deshevyj-import-chy-jevropejska-zarplata/ Consultation date: 05/12/2022 (in Ukrainian).

PIDGORODYNSKYI, Vadym; KAMENSKY, Dmitriy; BOLOKAN, Inna; MAKARENKO Tamara; SAMILO, Hanna. 2021. “Smuggling or violation of customs rules: actual questions of application of administrative and criminal liability” In: Cuestiones Políticas. Vol. 39, No. 70, рр. 800- 814. Available online. In: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3970.48. Consultation date: 06/06/2022.

PREVENTION AND ANTI-CORRUPTION. 2021. Official site of the State Customs Service of Ukraine. Available online: In: https://customs.gov. ua/zapobigannia-proiavam-koruptsiyi. Consultation date: 06/12/2022 (in Ukrainian). Resolution of The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. 2015. On Restriction Of Supplies Of Certain Goods (Works, Services) From The Temporarily Occupied Territory To Another Territory Of Ukraine And / Or From Another Territory Of Ukraine To The Temporarily Occupied Territory, No.1035. Available online. In: https: //zakon.rada .gov.ua / laws / show
/ 1035-2015-% D0% BF # Text. Consultation date: 05/12/2022 (in Ukrainian).

REZNIK, Oleg; POCHTOVYI, Maksym; YANISHEVSKA, Kateryna; BUTURSKYI, Andrii. 2021. “Proof during the prejudicial inquiry of smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogs, or precursors under the legislation of Ukraine” In: Amazonia Investiga. Vol. 10, No. 39, рр. 159-168. Available online: In: https://doi.org/10.34069/ AI/2021.39.03.15. Consultation date: 06/12/2022.

SUI, Bo; FENG, Gen-Fu; CHANG, Chun-Ping. 2018. “The pioneer evidence of contagious corruption” In: Qual Quant. No. 52, pp. 945-968. Available online: In: https://doi.org10.1007/s11135-017-0497-4. Consultation date: 06/12/2022.

THESTATEBUDGETLOSSESFROMSHADOWSCHEMESAREESTIMATED AT UAH 150-275 BILLION. 2019. Available online. In: https://news. dtkt.ua/society/politics/57588 Consultation date: 13/12/2021. (in Ukrainian).

TURCHIN, Yuriy. 2010. “Historical and social conditionality of smuggling on the territory of modern Ukraine” In: Scientific notes of Lviv University of Business and Law. Vol. 5, рр. 245-249. Available online. In: http://nbuv. gov.ua/UJRN/Nzlubp_2010_5_60. Consultation date: 11/12/2021 (in Ukrainian).

WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION. 2021. Official site of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://sfs.gov.ua/diyalnist-/ mijnarodne-/vsesvitna-mitna-organizatsiya/. Consultation date: 04/06/2022.