Disposición legislativa de normalización de armamentos y desarrollo de equipos militares: Aspecto internacional
Keywords:
armas estandarización, estándares, legislación, equipamiento militar, normas de la OTAN
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify objectives and measures for expansion of the system of standards in Ukraine for the development of armaments and military equipment in the context of improving national defence capabilities. The following methods were used to achieve the aim set in the study: the method
of direct observation, comparison, monitoring and analysis of the content of documents that provide standardisation of armaments and military equipment at the state and interstate levels. The key results of the study were: observation and comparison of the scope of regulations that ensure the standardisation of armaments and military equipment at the national level, as well as among NATO countries; comparison and distribution of powers of the competence of executive and supervisory bodies for the development and implementation of standards. Besides, the study provides a chart of the legal background for standardisation, and directly determines the sequential logical place of the stage of development of armaments and military equipment in the life cycle. Proposals are made at the end of the study on how to increase the effectiveness of legislative provision for the standardisation of armaments and military equipment.
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References
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CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 1993. Resolution of the Cabinet of MinistersofUkraine“OntheOrganisationofWorkontheStandardisation of Armaments and Military Equipment in Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/662-93-%D0%BF#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2009. The Concept of Creating a National System for the Development and Supply of Weapons, Military and special equipment. Available online. In: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/ npas/227300006. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
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GIFFORDS LAW CENTRE. n. d. Design Safety Standards. Available online. In: https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/child-consumer- safety/design-safety-standards/. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
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JOHANNES, Maj Chad. 2018. Achieving multinational tactical radio interoperability. Canadian Forces College. Toronto, Canada.
KING, Benjamin. 2010. (Ed.). Surveying Europe’s production and procurement of small arms and light weapons ammunition. Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Geneva, Switzerland.
KOZII, Ihor; TARASIUK, Taras. 2019. NATO Standards: Implementation Progress in Ukraine. Available online. In: https://rpr.org.ua/en/news/ nato-standards-implementation-progress-in-ukraine/. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
KULAGIN, Kostiantyn К. 2009. “Features of Standardisation and Unification of Military Technics in Current Conditions Its Development and Manufacture” In: Information Processing Systems. Vol. 6, No. 80, pp. 61-66.
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MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND VETERANS AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. 2011. Instruction related to NATO standardisation within the Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs. Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs of France. Paris, France.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. 2020a. Regulations on Military Standardisation. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/z0240-20#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. 2020b. Military Standardisation Work Programme For Years 2021-2023. Available online. In: https:// www.mil.gov.ua/content/mil_standard/progr_rob_vs_21_23.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
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MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. n. d. Military Standardisation: Questions and Answers. Available online. In: https://www.mil.gov. ua/diyalnist/vijskova-standartizacziya/zapitannya-i-vidpovidi.html. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINE. 2019. Clarifications to The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine on Military Standards” Available online. In: https://www.me.gov. ua/Documents/Detail?lang=uk-UA&id=546c3682-f5b5-46b5- a8a4-64be461c63cf&title=RoziasnenniaSchodoZakonuUkra iniVid06-06-2019-2742-viii-proVnesenniaZminDoDeiakikh- ZakonivUkrainiSchodoViiskovikhStandartiv-. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MISSION OF UKRAINE TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION. 2021. Reforming of the Military and Security Sphere in Accordance with NATO Standards is a Priority for Ukraine - Dmytro Razumkov. Available online. In: https://nato.mfa.gov.ua/en/news/ dmitro-razumkov-reformuvannya-vijskovoyi-ta-bezpekovoyi-sferi- vidpovidno-do-standartiv-nato-prioritet-dlya-ukrayini. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
NATO STANDARDISATION DOCUMENTS DATABASE. 2021. List of Current NATO Standards. Available online. In: https://nso.nato.int/nso/nsdd/ listpromulg.html. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
NATO STANDARDISATION OFFICE. 2018. AAP-03 Directive for the production, maintenance and management of NATO standardisation documents, edition K, version 1. NATO Standardisation Office. Brussels, Belgium.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO). 1997. NATO Logistic Handbook. NATO. Brussels, Belgium.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO). 2010. Active Engagement, Modern Defence. Available online. In: https://www.nato. int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO). 2021. Relations with Ukraine. Available online. In: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/ topics_37750.htm. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
PODOINITSYN, Valerii M. 2019. Legal and Administrative Provision of Standardisation in the sphere of Defence. PhD dissertation thesis abstract. State Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PODOINITSYN, Valerii M; YAFONKIN, Anatoliy O. 2017. “The concept of legal and administrative provision of standardisation in the sphere of defence” In: International Law Herald: Actual Problems of the Present (Theory and Practice). Vol. 4-5, No 8-9, pp. 51-59.
RAFLIK, Jenny. 2016. DTIB and the Question of arms Production and Control. Available online. In: https://www.cvce.eu/en/collections/unit- content/-/unit/56d70f17-5054-49fc-bb9b-5d90735167d0/71aaec87- 63fd-4138-86d6-3b4110bf46fa/Resources#26d0e77f-d5e5-40d1-9344- c3793eae325a_en&overlay. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
STATE COMMITTEE OF UKRAINE ON TECHNICAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER POLICY. 2006. Programme of Revision of the Interstate Standards in Force in Ukraine (GOST), Developed Before 1992, and Bringing Them in Line with the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade of the World Trade Organisation. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0077609-06#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UANATO. 2020. The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine Is Doing Everything Possible to Ensure that the Armed Forces of Ukraine Are as Compatible As Possible with the Forces of NATO Member States. Available online. In: http://uanato.info/index.php?pokaz=10243. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UKRAINE CRISIS MEDIA CENTRE. 2021. Why Ukraine Is Still Not a NATO Member: Who Is To Blame and What To Do? Available online. In: https://uacrisis.org/en/why-ukraine-is-still-not-in-nato. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UKRAINIANRESEARCHANDTRAININGCENTREOFSTANDARDISATION, CERTIFICATION AND QUALITY. n. d. SE “UkrNDNC” Homepage. Available online. In: http://uas.org.ua. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UKRINFORM. 2021. Ukraine Creating National System of Transition to NATO Standards - Shmyhal. Available online. In: https://www.ukrinform. net/rubric-polytics/3225845-ukraine-creating-national-system- of-transition-to-nato-standards-shmyhal.html. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992a. The Law of Ukraine “On Defence of Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1932-12#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992b. Agreement on the Organisation of Work on Interstate Standardisation of Armaments and Military Equipment. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/997_477#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2014. The Law of Ukraine “On Standardisation”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1315-18#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2018. The Resolution of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “On a Set of Urgent Measures for the Practical Implementation of the International Legal Responsibility of the Russian Federation for Armed Aggression against Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2356-19#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2019. The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine on Military Standards.” Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2742-19#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
WOZNYAK, S; IVASCHENKO, A; PENKOVSKY, V. 2016. The North Atlantic Alliance Policy of Standardisation. Available online. In: https://drive. google.com/open?id=1mpEPVTFjy7xeRGiqjHeFwsRvdv5QqDGI. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
YESIMOV, Serhiy; DUTUYK, Volodymyr. 2017. Administrative-Legal Regulation of Standardisation Is an Important Direction of Improving the Defence of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://science.lpnu.ua/sites/ default/files/journal-paper/2017/aug/5800/vnulpurn2016845111.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
ZHOU, Yi Le. 2016. “NATO Infantry Weapons Standardisation: Ideal or Possibility?” Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Calgary. Calgary, Canada.
AKŞIT, Cihangir. 2014. Smart Standardisation: A Historical and Contemporary Success at NATO. Available online. In: https://www.nato.int/ nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_2014_05/20140528_140528-smart- standardization.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
ASQNOTES. 2021. Defence Standardisation Programmeme. Available online.In: https://acqnotes.com/acqnote/careerfields/defence- standardisation-Programme. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
BURIGANA, David; DELOGE, Pascal. 2006. Standardisation et production coordonnée des armements en Europe. Une voie vers l’étude d’une défense européenne (1953–2005). In: RUCKER, Katrin, WARLOUZET, Laurent (eds), Quelle(s) Europe(s)? Which Europe(s)? Nouvelles approches en histoire de l’intégration européenne, New Approaches in European Integration History. Peter Lang. Brussels, Belgica.
BUMGARDNER, Sherrod Lewis. 2010. (Eds.). NATO Legal Deskbook, 2nd Edition. Available online. In: https://info. publicintelligence.net/NATO- LegalDeskbook.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 1993. Resolution of the Cabinet of MinistersofUkraine“OntheOrganisationofWorkontheStandardisation of Armaments and Military Equipment in Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/662-93-%D0%BF#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2009. The Concept of Creating a National System for the Development and Supply of Weapons, Military and special equipment. Available online. In: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/ npas/227300006. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE. 2019. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On Termination of the Agreement on Organisation of Work on Interstate Standardisation of Arms and Military Equipment and the Protocol on Amendments and Addenda to the Agreement on Organisation of Work on Interstate Standardisation of Arms and Military Equipment” for Ukraine. Available online. In: https://www.kmu.gov. ua/npas/pro-pripineavnoyi-standartizaciyi-ozbo-organizaciyu-robit- shchodo-mizhderzhavnoyi-standartizaciyi-ozbroyennya-i-vijskovoyi- tehniki. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
CAMPBELL, Michael W. 2020. Annual NATO Language Testing Workshop Digitally Connects Record Number of Experts. Available online. In: https://www.marshallcenter.org/de/node/1744. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
DEFENCE STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME. n. d. International Standardisation. Available online. In: https://www.dsp.dla.mil/ Programmes/International-Standardisation/. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
DEFENCE STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME OFFICE. n. d. Brochure DSPO. Available online. In: https://www.dsp.dla.mil/ Portals/26/Documents/Publications/160501-Brochure-DSPO. pdf?ver=04PKqQ4ldMsPb9QJfu1WRw%3d%3d. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
EUROLAB. 2017. Mil-std Test and Analysis of Military Standards. Available online. In: https://www.eurolab.com.tr/en/sektorel-test-ve-analizler/ spesifik-testler/mil-std-askeri-standartlarin-test-ve-analizleri. Consultation date: 14/02/2021.
EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY SEARCH. 2018. European Armaments Standardisation. Available online. In: https://www.iss. europa.eu/content/european-armaments-standardisation Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
GETMACHUK, Alyona; ZAREMBO, Kateryna; FAKHURDINOVA, Marianna. 2019. Ukraine and NATO Standards: How to Hit a “Moving Target”? Available online. In: http://neweurope.org.ua/wp-content/ uploads/2019/07/DP_Stand_NATO_eng_inet.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
GETMACHUK, Alyona; FAKHURDINOVA, Marianna. 2021. Ukraine and NATO Standards: What Has Been Done during Zelensky’s Presidency? Available online. In: http://neweurope.org.ua/wp-content/ uploads/2021/04/FINAL_Ukraine-NATO_Zel_ukr.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
GIFFORDS LAW CENTRE. n. d. Design Safety Standards. Available online. In: https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/child-consumer- safety/design-safety-standards/. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
HEIKKILÄ, Melissa. 2021. NATO Wants to Set AI Standards. If Only Its Members Agreed on the Basics. Available online. In: https://www. politico.eu/article/nato-ai-artificial-intelligence-standards-priorities/. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
JOHANNES, Maj Chad. 2018. Achieving multinational tactical radio interoperability. Canadian Forces College. Toronto, Canada.
KING, Benjamin. 2010. (Ed.). Surveying Europe’s production and procurement of small arms and light weapons ammunition. Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Geneva, Switzerland.
KOZII, Ihor; TARASIUK, Taras. 2019. NATO Standards: Implementation Progress in Ukraine. Available online. In: https://rpr.org.ua/en/news/ nato-standards-implementation-progress-in-ukraine/. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
KULAGIN, Kostiantyn К. 2009. “Features of Standardisation and Unification of Military Technics in Current Conditions Its Development and Manufacture” In: Information Processing Systems. Vol. 6, No. 80, pp. 61-66.
LAPPO, Iryna M; HERASHCHENKO, Maryna O; CHERVOTOKA, Oleh V. 2020. “Some aspects of NATO standards implementation in the armament and military equipment testing system of Ukraine” In: The Bulletin of the State Research Institute of Testing and Certification of Armaments and Military Equipment. Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 55-62.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE AND VETERANS AFFAIRS OF FRANCE. 2011. Instruction related to NATO standardisation within the Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs. Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs of France. Paris, France.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. 2020a. Regulations on Military Standardisation. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/z0240-20#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. 2020b. Military Standardisation Work Programme For Years 2021-2023. Available online. In: https:// www.mil.gov.ua/content/mil_standard/progr_rob_vs_21_23.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. 2020c. Order of the Minister of Defence of Ukraine “On Approval of the Regulations on the Management of Standardisation, Codification and Cataloguing”. Available online. In: https://www.mil.gov.ua/content/mou_orders/mou_2020/nm_272. pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE. n. d. Military Standardisation: Questions and Answers. Available online. In: https://www.mil.gov. ua/diyalnist/vijskova-standartizacziya/zapitannya-i-vidpovidi.html. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MINISTRY OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINE. 2019. Clarifications to The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine on Military Standards” Available online. In: https://www.me.gov. ua/Documents/Detail?lang=uk-UA&id=546c3682-f5b5-46b5- a8a4-64be461c63cf&title=RoziasnenniaSchodoZakonuUkra iniVid06-06-2019-2742-viii-proVnesenniaZminDoDeiakikh- ZakonivUkrainiSchodoViiskovikhStandartiv-. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
MISSION OF UKRAINE TO THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION. 2021. Reforming of the Military and Security Sphere in Accordance with NATO Standards is a Priority for Ukraine - Dmytro Razumkov. Available online. In: https://nato.mfa.gov.ua/en/news/ dmitro-razumkov-reformuvannya-vijskovoyi-ta-bezpekovoyi-sferi- vidpovidno-do-standartiv-nato-prioritet-dlya-ukrayini. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
NATO STANDARDISATION DOCUMENTS DATABASE. 2021. List of Current NATO Standards. Available online. In: https://nso.nato.int/nso/nsdd/ listpromulg.html. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
NATO STANDARDISATION OFFICE. 2018. AAP-03 Directive for the production, maintenance and management of NATO standardisation documents, edition K, version 1. NATO Standardisation Office. Brussels, Belgium.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO). 1997. NATO Logistic Handbook. NATO. Brussels, Belgium.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO). 2010. Active Engagement, Modern Defence. Available online. In: https://www.nato. int/lisbon2010/strategic-concept-2010-eng.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANISATION (NATO). 2021. Relations with Ukraine. Available online. In: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/ topics_37750.htm. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
PODOINITSYN, Valerii M. 2019. Legal and Administrative Provision of Standardisation in the sphere of Defence. PhD dissertation thesis abstract. State Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Kyiv, Ukraine.
PODOINITSYN, Valerii M; YAFONKIN, Anatoliy O. 2017. “The concept of legal and administrative provision of standardisation in the sphere of defence” In: International Law Herald: Actual Problems of the Present (Theory and Practice). Vol. 4-5, No 8-9, pp. 51-59.
RAFLIK, Jenny. 2016. DTIB and the Question of arms Production and Control. Available online. In: https://www.cvce.eu/en/collections/unit- content/-/unit/56d70f17-5054-49fc-bb9b-5d90735167d0/71aaec87- 63fd-4138-86d6-3b4110bf46fa/Resources#26d0e77f-d5e5-40d1-9344- c3793eae325a_en&overlay. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
STATE COMMITTEE OF UKRAINE ON TECHNICAL REGULATION AND CONSUMER POLICY. 2006. Programme of Revision of the Interstate Standards in Force in Ukraine (GOST), Developed Before 1992, and Bringing Them in Line with the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade of the World Trade Organisation. Available online. In: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0077609-06#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UANATO. 2020. The Ministry of Defence of Ukraine Is Doing Everything Possible to Ensure that the Armed Forces of Ukraine Are as Compatible As Possible with the Forces of NATO Member States. Available online. In: http://uanato.info/index.php?pokaz=10243. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UKRAINE CRISIS MEDIA CENTRE. 2021. Why Ukraine Is Still Not a NATO Member: Who Is To Blame and What To Do? Available online. In: https://uacrisis.org/en/why-ukraine-is-still-not-in-nato. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UKRAINIANRESEARCHANDTRAININGCENTREOFSTANDARDISATION, CERTIFICATION AND QUALITY. n. d. SE “UkrNDNC” Homepage. Available online. In: http://uas.org.ua. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
UKRINFORM. 2021. Ukraine Creating National System of Transition to NATO Standards - Shmyhal. Available online. In: https://www.ukrinform. net/rubric-polytics/3225845-ukraine-creating-national-system- of-transition-to-nato-standards-shmyhal.html. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992a. The Law of Ukraine “On Defence of Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/1932-12#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 1992b. Agreement on the Organisation of Work on Interstate Standardisation of Armaments and Military Equipment. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/997_477#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2014. The Law of Ukraine “On Standardisation”. Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1315-18#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2018. The Resolution of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine “On a Set of Urgent Measures for the Practical Implementation of the International Legal Responsibility of the Russian Federation for Armed Aggression against Ukraine”. Available online. In: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2356-19#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE. 2019. The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Some Laws of Ukraine on Military Standards.” Available online. In: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2742-19#Text. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
WOZNYAK, S; IVASCHENKO, A; PENKOVSKY, V. 2016. The North Atlantic Alliance Policy of Standardisation. Available online. In: https://drive. google.com/open?id=1mpEPVTFjy7xeRGiqjHeFwsRvdv5QqDGI. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
YESIMOV, Serhiy; DUTUYK, Volodymyr. 2017. Administrative-Legal Regulation of Standardisation Is an Important Direction of Improving the Defence of Ukraine. Available online. In: http://science.lpnu.ua/sites/ default/files/journal-paper/2017/aug/5800/vnulpurn2016845111.pdf. Consultation date: 14/03/2021.
ZHOU, Yi Le. 2016. “NATO Infantry Weapons Standardisation: Ideal or Possibility?” Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Calgary. Calgary, Canada.
Published
2021-12-15
How to Cite
Smernytskyi, D. V., Aleksandrov, M. Y., Prykhodko, V. I., Podoinitsyn, V. M., & Bakal, M. A. (2021). Disposición legislativa de normalización de armamentos y desarrollo de equipos militares: Aspecto internacional. Political Questions, 39(71), 81-107. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.04
Section
Derecho Público
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