Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Esta publicación cientíca en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa
ISSN-Versión Impresa 0798-1406 / ISSN-Versión on line 2542-3185Depósito legal pp
197402ZU34
ppi 201502ZU4645
Vol.41 N° 77
Abril
Junio
2023
Recibido el 26/12/22 Aceptado el 28/02/23
ISSN 0798- 1406 ~ De pó si to le gal pp 198502ZU132
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas
La re vis ta Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas, es una pu bli ca ción aus pi cia da por el Ins ti tu to
de Es tu dios Po lí ti cos y De re cho Pú bli co “Dr. Hum ber to J. La Ro che” (IEPDP) de la Fa-
cul tad de Cien cias Ju rí di cas y Po lí ti cas de la Uni ver si dad del Zu lia.
En tre sus ob je ti vos fi gu ran: con tri buir con el pro gre so cien tí fi co de las Cien cias
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ción, dis cu sión y con fron ta ción de las ideas y avan ces cien tí fi cos con com pro mi so so cial.
Cues tio nes Po lí ti cas apa re ce dos ve ces al año y pu bli ca tra ba jos ori gi na les con
avan ces o re sul ta dos de in ves ti ga ción en las áreas de Cien cia Po lí ti ca y De re cho Pú bli-
co, los cua les son so me ti dos a la con si de ra ción de ár bi tros ca li fi ca dos.
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nes Cien tí fi cas y Tec no ló gi cas Ve ne zo la nas del FO NA CIT, La tin dex.
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Vol. 41, Nº 77 (2023), 455-464
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Features of the Functioning of the
Legal System in the Context of
Digitalization Processes
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4177.30
Iryna Khomyshyn *
Ivan Dragan **
Oleksii Sidelkovskyi ***
Pylyp Yepryntsev ****
Olena Fatkhutdinova *****
Abstract
Using a documentary-based methodology, the aim of the
study was to identify the key features of the functioning of the
legal system in the context of digitization processes. The rapid
growth of information volumes, the formation of information sets
and databases, the intensive development of digital technologies,
their widespread introduction in various spheres of public life, their
mediation in a growing number of areas and types of social interaction,
the activities of state and public institutions are a signicant factor in the
development of modern society, forming a “digital” reality. It is concluded
that, in the conditions of the new reality, the law becomes not only a
means, a tool ensuring digitalization of economy, management and other
segments of social life, but also, an object of inuence of “digitalization”,
by virtue of which it undergoes changes in its form, content, system,
structure, mechanism of action and shows tendency to intensify emerging
transformations. As a result of the study, the current trends and prerequisites
for the characteristics of the functioning of the legal system in the context of
digitization processes were investigated.
Keywords: legal system; legislative support; jurisprudence; digital
sphere; legal digitization.
* Department of Administrative and Information Law, Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative
Education, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79059, Lviv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.
org/0000-0002-6180-3478
** Department of economic security, public administration and management, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State
University, 39050, Zhytomyr, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5716-1273
*** Department of economic security, public administration and management, Zhytomyr Polytechnic State
University, 39050, Zhytomyr, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-4478
**** Vice Rector of Donetsk State University of Internal Aairs, 50065, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. ORCID ID:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9790-9565
***** Dean of the Law Faculty, Kyiv University of Tourism, Economics and Law, 19059, Kyiv, Ukraine.
ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-0950
456 Iryna Khomyshyn, Ivan Dragan, Oleksii Sidelkovskyi, Pylyp Yepryntsev y Olena Fatkhutdinova
Features of the Functioning of the Legal System in the Context of Digitalization Processes
Características del funcionamiento del sistema jurídico
en el contexto de los procesos de digitalización
Resumen
Mediante una metodología de base documental, el objetivo del estudio
fue identicar las características clave del funcionamiento del sistema
legal en el contexto de los procesos de digitalización. El rápido crecimiento
de los volúmenes de información, la formación de conjuntos y bases de
datos de información, el desarrollo intensivo de las tecnologías digitales,
su introducción generalizada en diversas esferas de la vida pública, su
mediación en un número creciente de áreas y tipos de interacción social, las
actividades de las instituciones estatales y públicas son un factor signicativo
en el desarrollo de la sociedad moderna, formando una realidad “digital”. Se
concluye que, en las condiciones de la nueva realidad, el derecho se convierte
no solo en un medio, una herramienta que asegura la digitalización de la
economía, la gestión y otros segmentos de la vida social, sino también, en
un objeto de inuencia de la “digitalización”, en virtud de la cual se sufre
cambios en su forma, contenido, sistema, estructura, mecanismo de acción
y muestra tendencia a intensicar las transformaciones emergentes. Como
resultado del estudio, se investigaron las tendencias actuales y los requisitos
previos para las características del funcionamiento del sistema legal en el
contexto de los procesos de digitalización.
Palabras clave: ordenamiento jurídico; soporte legislativo;
jurisprudencia; ámbito digital; digitalización jurídica.
Introduction
Modern conditions for the development of digitalization form
fundamentally new technologies for the work of the state and municipal
service. The inconsistency of the moment of realizing the practical
possibilities of introducing digital technologies lies in the fact that there
may be duplication in the work of state bodies.
The main task of digitalization is to create conditions for an ecient,
mobile, exible system of work that improves the quality of services and
reduces unreasonable government intervention, which would be signicant
for external beneciaries - citizens, businesses, non-prot organizations,
etc. and increase the eectiveness and eciency of public administration.
This may lead to a change in the mechanisms and tools of management,
stages of the management cycle. We believe that e-government is the key to
high-quality public administration.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 455-464
The main requirements for the digital transformation of state and
municipal services are:
1. expectation of the introduction of breakthrough technologies (for
example, a registry model for the provision of services, proactivity
in their provision);
2. the development of primary digital technologies (the principle of
multi-channel and extraterritoriality in the provision of public
services).
In the context of the modern development of technologies such as
blockchain, there is an urgent need to study the features of social relations,
complicated by information, communication and digital elements. The
denition of these features is important from the point of view of the
formation of legal regulation of such economic and technical phenomena
as cryptocurrency, smart contracts, tokens. At present, the existing
legal regulation does not fully allow to eectively regulate new forms of
economic turnover due to the lack of appropriate legal terminology, the
lack of development of optimal legal regimes for mediating public relations,
the lack of a systematic approach that takes into account the economic,
social, political, technological consequences of legal impact on the newest
spheres. public life. Thus, the currently emerging digital reality is de facto
not included in the scope of legal regulation.
1. Materials and methods
For a more detailed study of the features of the functioning of the legal
system in the context of digitalization processes, the following methods
were used: induction and deduction, comparison and systematization;
synthesis and analysis; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalizations and
conclusions of the study.
To more accurately reect the main features of the functioning of the
legal system in the context of digitalization processes, we used the IDEF0
functional modeling method.
2. Literature review
Based on the results of the theoretical analysis, we will reveal the content
of the basic categories of our study (Catterwell, 2020; Kryshtanovych et al.,
2021).
The digital economy is an economic activity in which the key production
factor is information in digital form and the result of collecting, storing,
458 Iryna Khomyshyn, Ivan Dragan, Oleksii Sidelkovskyi, Pylyp Yepryntsev y Olena Fatkhutdinova
Features of the Functioning of the Legal System in the Context of Digitalization Processes
analyzing, and exchanging such information, aimed at maximizing the
satisfaction of the needs of all its participants. In the digital economy, the
most signicant is the provision of services, including social and public
ones.
Digitalization is the process of introducing and using innovative
technologies and principles of the digital economy in the socio-economic
spheres of society, accompanied by total automation, robotization and the
introduction of articial intelligence (Sylkin et al., 2021).
In the eld of public administration, digitalization also means the
development and application of new technologies and management tools
that inuence the formation of digital public administration in order to
increase the eectiveness of management decisions and public services
provided to the population (Kazanchian, 2020).
The digital economy and the process of digital transformations in
the sectors of the economy and social spheres are new factors in the
development of the state, and therefore the conceptual apparatus has not
been formed and is not fully detailed. The denitions of the basic categories
of research are constantly supplemented and adjusted in direct proportion
to the intensive development of innovations in the modern world (Howe
Vial, 2019).
Digitalization is a global phenomenon with transformational potential.
Accordingly, law, being the regulator of relations, experiences its inuence.
Modern jurisprudence does not stand still, and is actively developing in the
period of informatization. Also, such a concept as Legal Tech is becoming
more and more common.
It includes various legal bases, programs, technologies with which
lawyers can perform their professional activities. For example, thanks
to legal databases, one can not only see a selection of jurisprudence,
publications on a specic topic, but also to make a contract. Another
developing term is Law Tech, which includes not only access to programs,
solutions, tools (for example, the calculation of the state fee) of consumers
of legal services, but also provides an opportunity to receive various kinds
of legal advice (Kryshtanovych et al., 2022).
Of particular importance in modern conditions is the need to identify
trends in the eld of law, manifested under the inuence of digitalization,
to develop forecasts for the further development of law, the socio-economic
sphere, and the public administration system. The main role in the
development of these phenomena is assigned to the law, which is being
transformed in the formation of digital technologies, renews its regulatory
potential, enhances its eectiveness and social orientation.
459
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 455-464
3. Research Results and Discussions
The rapid development of revolutionary transformations has led to a
new technological order based on digital technologies (digital revolution),
which consistently forms a new social, economic, political and legal reality,
which is based on the so-called «digitalization» of production and social
processes in general. Digital technologies create a new reality, dierent
from the physical world in which we live. Often the gap between the real and
digital world prevents us from using all the available information produced
by the multitude of smart devices around the world.
Digital technologies, together with advanced data and process analytics,
serve as technological drivers of digital innovations that determine the
global transformations of the modern world, form the vector of the main
technological, economic and social development in the modern era. The
digital space is becoming not only an information eld for the exchange
and receipt of information on the Internet, but also turns into a tool for
regulating the economy and law, public administration. We can talk about
the “digitalization of law”, i.e. the use of new technologies in order to
optimize processes and legal relations using digital technologies, as well as
the creation of a new digital reality, which also requires legal regulation or
the presence of a state-authorized regulator (Sylkin et al., 2021).
The current stage of the development of human civilization is signicantly
dierent from all previous stages. Starting with the creation of the rst tools
and ending with the post-industrial era, human progress was based on the
development of the material world: natural resources were developed, new
physical laws were discovered and used, new production technologies and
ways of moving people and goods were created.
The apogee of this trend, from the point of view, was the creation of
orbital technologies and the rst ight of man into space. At the same time,
it should be noted that at all the mentioned stages of human development,
the technologies for regulating social relations remained quite conservative,
since from the time of the invention of writing until today, the main
instrument of such regulation is a written legal act containing a list of rules
of behavior (Droniv, 2018).
The digitalization of legal reality implies the need to immerse in the
virtual legal place of numerous state functions, areas of activity of city
bodies, the electronic role of people in lawmaking and the examination of
draft regulatory legal acts (Gomes, 2018).
The public need for the digitalization of public administration has
increased on the basis of the formation of algorithms for public decisions
both at the state and regional levels. With digitalization, the sphere of
law should be assessed as the basis for the emergence of a modern form
460 Iryna Khomyshyn, Ivan Dragan, Oleksii Sidelkovskyi, Pylyp Yepryntsev y Olena Fatkhutdinova
Features of the Functioning of the Legal System in the Context of Digitalization Processes
of relations between state power and civil society in accordance with the
moral principles of public life management. Of particular importance is the
reform of the system of state control in the eld of security of the individual
and society, in the ght against manifestations of corruption, as well as
control of processes occurring in cyberspace, based on the use of all modern
information technologies (Bloshchynskyi, 2022).
The objective processes of legal digitalization give rise to the need to
improve regulations in the eld of civil, administrative, labor, criminal
and other branches of law, as well as to transform regulatory complexes
in the eld of information, medicine, and education. In the modernization
of law, the adoption of separate regulatory orders, which determine the
possibility of realizing the most signicant interests and needs of society,
their implementation in existing regulatory complexes, as well as the
reorientation of the legislative system towards the implementation of social
programs, acquires importance.
In Fig.1. the main obstacles to the process of digitalization of the legal
system are shown
Fig.1. The main obstacles to the process of digitalization of the legal system.
Source: own elaboration.
461
CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 455-464
Modern situation is increasingly switching to digital methods of
management in the form of “electronic government” under the inuence
of the need to reduce administrative costs and improve the eciency of
programs being implemented, as well as due to the increasing demands
of citizens for the quality and availability of public services in cooperation
with government agencies through Internet technologies as easy as with
banks or online stores (Barry and Wissenburg, 2011).
The leaders of e-government (Great Britain, Singapore) are currently
moving to the next stage of the transformation of the public service delivery
system - to the so-called «digital government» stage, which implies the
complete transfer of services to digital format from applying for these
services to their execution and achieving such a position case where
departmental processes rely primarily on data rather than documents
(Castanho et al., 2021).
Using the methodology of functional modeling IDEF0, we have formed
a model for stimulating the process of digitalization of the legal system
(Fig.2).
Information about
the progress of the
stage A2
Information about the
progress of the stage
A3
Developing an integrated institutional
ecosystem through a comprehensive
regulatory framework
Transformation of organizational
structure and culture,
development of integrated
approaches to policy making and
service delivery
Providing strategic and
professional data management
to enable policy-making based
on such data and access to
information through open
government data
A1
A2
A3
M2
M1
Control over the progress of the
stage
A2
Control over the progress of
the stage
A3
Control over the
progress of the
stage
A1
C1 C2
Information about the
progress of the stage A1
O2
O1
І1
Fig.2. A model for stimulating the process of digitalization of the legal system.
Source: own elaboration.
The forecast for the development of the legal system in the context of
462 Iryna Khomyshyn, Ivan Dragan, Oleksii Sidelkovskyi, Pylyp Yepryntsev y Olena Fatkhutdinova
Features of the Functioning of the Legal System in the Context of Digitalization Processes
digitalization aects its various aspects. The following areas of development
of the legal system under the inuence of digitalization, the introduction
of articial intelligence and other modern scientic technologies seem to
be the most relevant for scientic and practical analysis (Serhieiev et al.,
2022).
• in the context of changing the essence of law, it is necessary to assess
the threats to the transformation of the law of humanism into the
law of transhumanism and to nd ways to counter these threats;
• from the point of view of the development of the system and
structure of law, it is important to pay attention to the emergence of
branches of law and branches of legislation of a new generation, in
particular, to the separation of digital law from information law as
an independent branch of law;
• in the structure of legal regulators, it is important to decide on
the recognition of such new tools as an algorithm, program code,
operating system, etc., and to understand the limits of their
convergence with the classical regulators of law - principles and
norms;
• when identifying a trend towards expanding the list of objects of legal
regulation, it is important to assess the emergence of a fundamentally
new object of legal regulation - the relationship between a person
and a machine endowed with articial intelligence;
• it is necessary to determine the boundaries of the expansion of
subjects of law under the inuence of digitalization and articial
intelligence processes;
• it is necessary to determine the legal status of articial intelligence,
which is introduced into the system of public relations and performs
political, economic, social, spiritual, cultural, environmental and
other functions, the responsibility for which lies with the state,
public authorities, individuals and legal entities, people and other
traditional subjects’ rights.
The possibilities of digitalization also nd their expression in the areas
of private law, civil circulation, lawmaking and law enforcement. There
are opportunities to use articial intelligence in conducting forensic
examinations, in the process of obtaining electronic evidence, organizing
court activities using electronic document management. New opportunities
for the implementation of electronic litigation are opening up. But we must
not forget that the main guideline in this area should be constitutional
principles and norms.
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CUESTIONES POLÍTICAS
Vol. 41 Nº 77 (2023): 455-464
Conclusions
Thus, the formation of the newest rules of law requires a rethinking of
the actions of their implementation in law enforcement practice, within
which legal qualications, interpretation of the rules of law, overcoming
legal gaps, and resolving legal conicts are of particular importance.
Digitalization determines the processes of formation of the content of law,
which is undergoing signicant changes, as new social relations are being
formed that arise between digital virtual entities.
These processes contribute to the development of international
legal relations, the unication and standardization of law, as well as the
formation of domestic legal standards that meet the specics of the national
legal system. Digitalization includes the processes of emergence, change,
termination of legal relations that arise in the modern virtual space, the
implementation of subjective rights and legal obligations of subjects of legal
relations.
The digitalization of law can be manifested both in the adaptation
of existing legal norms to emerging new types of social relations, and in
the development of a fundamentally new concept of a regulator of social
relations based on a virtual digital environment (machine-readable law).
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
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Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela
Vol.41 Nº 77
