Instituto de Estudios Políticos y Derecho Público "Dr. Humberto J. La Roche"
de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas de la Universidad del Zulia
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Esta publicación cientíca en formato digital es continuidad de la revista impresa
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Vol. 41, Nº 76 (2023), 292-310
IEPDP-Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Políticas - LUZ
Fighting crime through crime analysis:
The experience of using innovative
technologies in European Union countries
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4176.16
Oleksandr Kalynovskyi *
Viktor Shemchuk **
Mykhailo Huzela ***
Oleh Predmestnikov ****
Halyna Zharovska *****
Abstract
The aim of this article was to study innovative technologies
and tools in the context of the introduction of crime analysis tools
used in the countries of the European Union EU, to the Ukrainian
practice. The research involved the following methods: statistical
analysis, induction and deduction, classication and comparison.
The study described the legally enshrined powers of the Ukrainian police
with respect to information and analytical activities. Current trends in the
number of criminal oenses committed in Ukraine under separate articles
were determined, and these trends were compared before and after the
adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On National Police”. The introduction of the
latest means of criminal analysis into Ukrainian practice was also studied.
The conclusions established that the technologies used by EU countries can
increase the eectiveness of law enforcement agencies in Ukraine, provided
that certain adaptation measures are implemented. Moreover, the results
obtained during the research can be used by law enforcement agencies to
improve and optimize crime analysis.
* PhD of Juridical Sciences, Deputy Head of the Department, Department of the organization of scientic
activity and protection of intellectual property rights, National academy of internal aairs, 03035, Kyiv,
Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-4585
** Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Theory of Law, Constitutional and
Private Law, Faculty No.1 of the Institute for the Training of Specialists for Units of the National Police,
Lviv State University of Internal Aairs, 79000, Lviv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-
0001-7969-6589
*** PhD of Law Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Procedure, Institute of
Jurisprudence, Psychology аnd Innovative Education, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013,
Lviv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2254-6990
**** Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor, Department of Public and Private Law of the Educational and
Scientic Humanitarian Institute of the Tavri National University named after V.I. Vernadskyi, 02000,
Kyiv, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8196-647X
***** Doctor of Law, Head of the Department, Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Yuri Fedkovych
Chernivtsi National University, 58012, Chernivtsi, Ukraine. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-
0326-5269
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Keywords: criminal analysis; innovative technologies; tool
platforms; analytical tools; crime ghting.
La lucha contra la delincuencia mediante el análisis
de la delincuencia: la experiencia del uso de tecnologías
innovadoras en los países de la Unión Europea
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo fue estudiar tecnologías y herramientas
innovadoras en el contexto de la introducción de las herramientas de
análisis de delitos utilizadas en los países de la Unión Europea UE, a la
práctica ucraniana. La investigación involucró los siguientes métodos:
análisis estadístico, inducción y deducción, clasicación y comparación.
En el estudio se describieron los poderes legalmente consagrados de la
policía ucraniana con respecto a las actividades de información y análisis.
Se determinaron las tendencias actuales en el número de delitos penales
cometidos en Ucrania en virtud de artículos separados, y se compararon
dichas tendencias antes y después de la aprobación de la Ley de Ucrania
«Sobre la Policía Nacional». También se estudió la introducción de los
últimos medios de análisis criminal en la práctica ucraniana. En las
conclusiones se estableció que las tecnologías utilizadas por los países
de la UE pueden aumentar la ecacia de los organismos encargados de
hacer cumplir la ley en Ucrania, siempre que se apliquen determinadas
medidas de adaptación. Por lo demás, los resultados obtenidos durante la
investigación pueden ser utilizados por los organismos encargados de hacer
cumplir la ley para mejorar y optimizar el análisis del delito.
Palabras clave: análisis criminal; tecnologías innovadoras; plataformas
de herramientas; herramientas analíticas; lucha contra
la delincuencia.
Introduction
The adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” (Verkhovna
Rada of Ukraine, 2022a) became a powerful impetus for restructuring
law enforcement agencies. One of the main goals of the transformations
triggered by the adoption of this Law is improve the eectiveness of the police
through the use of European experience and practice. The main vectors
for transformations are the use of the latest information technologies, as
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Oleksandr Kalynovskyi, Viktor Shemchuk, Mykhailo Huzela, Oleh Predmestnikov y Halyna Zharovska
Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
well as analytical tools in the ght against various types of crime (Knyazev,
2018; Hayward and Maas, 2021; Mastrobuoni, 2020).
The transformations outlined above are characteristic of the introduction
of the Intelligence Led Policing (ILP) model — an analytics-based model of
policing (OSCE, 2017). This model involves pre-emptive actions by using
certain analytical tools, therefore it is a necessary alternative to the existing
way of policing, which is based on responding to incidents that have
already occurred (Tishchenko and Belik, 2019; Burcher and Whelan, 2019;
Lewandowski et al., 2018).
An analytical tool is supposed to mean the methods, certain technical
means or software used for carrying out the necessary analytical operations
(Strukov et al., 2021). The arrangement and study of such tools contributes
to the expansion of the tools available to law enforcement agencies in terms
of predicting, preventing and detecting crimes.
This is especially relevant in view of the various crisis occurrence
and the increasing crime rate (Bossong and Bothe, 2018; Schmid, 2018;
Shaw, 2019). Besides, the need to study and use the latest tools of crime
analytics is determined by the globalization processes and integration of
the EU experience into Ukrainian practice, including the activities of law
enforcement agencies (Lykhova, 2019; Frantsuz, 2020) with the aim to
increase their eectiveness and compliance with European standards.
In view of the foregoing, the aim of this research is to study and arrange
innovative technologies and tools in the context of the introduction and
adaptation of crime analytics tools used in EU countries into Ukrainian
practice.
The aim involved a number of the following research objectives:
• describe the main powers of the police in the eld of information
and analytical support, as well as legislative aspects regarding the
use of technical devices, technical means and specialized software
by the police in Ukraine;
• study statistics on crimes in Ukraine and their dynamics;
• identify and describe the latest analytical tools used in criminal
analysis to investigate crimes;
• outline the features of some tool systems used in the EU countries
regarding the criminal analysis conducted by law enforcement
agencies;
• study the practice of introducing the latest tools of criminal analysis
and their adaptation to Ukrainian realities.
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1. Literature review
Knyazev (2018) denes intelligence (or criminal) analytics as the process
of processing information, including its collection, assessment, analysis,
etc., regarding suspects, criminals or their groups (organization). The main
advantage of crime analytics is enabling law enforcement agencies to act
proactively, that is, providing their ability to prevent planned crimes, and
not only to investigate committed crimes.
The researchers study a number of models of predictive policing, in
particular, the ILP model, which is successfully used in some EU countries
and the USA. This model is based on analytics and involves the application
of international standards, as well as methods of intellectual analysis in
order to prevent and detect crimes (Strukov et al., 2021).
Vidović (2022) expands the denition of the ILP model, noting that this
model is based on proactive actions and focuses on the regular collection
and assessment of information through qualitative analysis, which is
transformed into the strategic and operational analysis products, which
form the ground for decision-making by law enforcement agencies.
Korniienko et al. (2021) provide the following denition of ILP: it is
an organizational model and management philosophy in which criminal
analysis and criminal intelligence are key tools to achieve the goal by
applying an objective and eective decision-making mechanism to counter
and prevent crime through strategic management and eective functioning
of the law enforcement agencies, as well as methods aimed at neutralizing
crimes that are particularly dangerous for society. Sullivan et al. (2020)
indicate that ILP is highly popular because it provides a framework for
ecient use of limited resources.
Tishchenko (2019) notes that criminal analysis plays the key role in the
ILP model, so it involves the use of the latest information technologies and
tools for data collection, assessment and analysis. Information processing
results in the transformation of disparate data sets into eective analytical
products that contribute to informed decision-making by law enforcement
agencies.
A number of studies deal with various tools of criminal analysis developed
on the basis of the ILP and similar models. Mediná et al. (2018) identied
the features of a number of tools, where Maltego was the rst and one of the
most popular. This tool makes it easier to search and obtain information
about individuals and organizations that can be found in a variety of open
and public sources.
Simmler et al. (2022) distinguish IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook tool as
an additional advanced technology for data analysis used by some police
departments in Switzerland. Federico and Thompson (2019) write on the
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Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
function of Palantir Gotham in view of the purposes of conducting criminal
analysis by special agents and investigative analysts in the criminal
investigations of the US Internal Revenue Service.
In contrast to the studies mentioned above, Castets-Renard (2021) casts
doubts about the eectiveness of using the latest tools of crime analytics. The
researcher focuses on the shortcomings in the use of particular platforms.
The literature review determines the need for a detailed survey of the
features of various tools that support crime analytics, as well as to determine
its eectiveness based on the analysis of actual data regarding the change in
the crime rates.
2. Methods and materials
2.1. Research design
The research is comprehensive, this is why it is divided into several
interrelated and coordinated stages. The rst stage of the research involved
establishing the main powers of the police in the eld of information and
analytical support by analysing the legislative framework, namely the Law
of Ukraine “On the National Police”. The legislative aspects regarding the
use of technical devices, technical means and specialized software by the
police in Ukraine are outlined.
The second stage of the study describes statistics on criminal oences
in Ukraine and their dynamics. The period from 2013 to 2020 and the
following articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada of
Ukraine, 2022b) were covered: Murder, Illegal connement or abduction of
a person, Tracking in human beings, Theft, Robbery, Gangsterism, Rape,
Smuggling, Gambling business, Sham business, Obstruction of legitimate
business activity, Misappropriation, Evasion of taxes, VAT evasion,
Fraudulent bankruptcy, Legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained
money and other property, Violation of law on budget system of Ukraine,
Financial fraud, Illegal privatization of public or communal property.
The change in the number of crimes before and after 2015 (the year when
the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” was adopted) is compared.
The position of Ukraine and its neighbouring countries in the ranking of
countries by the crime rate provided on Numbeo was determined.
The third stage provided for the classication and brief description of
tools of crime analysis through the literature survey. The most common
analytical tools used in crime analysis for the investigation of crimes are
described.
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The fourth stage contains a description of the features of some tool
systems used in the EU countries regarding the activities of law enforcement
agencies in the eld of crime analytics. IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook, Maltego,
Palantir Gotham and police systems were considered. Besides, the practice
of introducing the latest means of crime analysis in Ukraine, in particular
the RICAS system, was studied, as well as the possibilities of adapting
European systems to Ukrainian realities.
2.2. Information background
The information background of the research is academic periodicals
of Ukraine and other countries, legislative acts, in particular the Law of
Ukraine “On the National Police” (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2022a), the
Criminal Code of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2022b), data on
the ranking of countries according to the Crime Index, which are publicly
available on Numbeo, and information from the ocial sites of IBM,
Maltego, Palantir, UNICRI and RICAS.
2.3. Research methods
The following scientic methods were used during the study:
• statistical analysis — to study the dynamics of the number of criminal
oences for the period from 2013 to 2020 under individual articles
of the Criminal Code of Ukraine;
• induction and deduction — to establish the relationship between the
crime rate and the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the National
Police”;
• ranking — in the course of studying the positions of dierent
countries in the Numbeo ranking for the Crime Index;
• comparison — to compare dierent platforms that oer tools for
conducting crime analysis.
3. Results
3.1. The main powers of the police in the eld of information
and analytical support: legislative aspects of the use of technical
devices, technical means and specialized software by the police
in Ukraine
With the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, the
structure of the country’s law enforcement agencies began its transformation
in accordance with European standards and principles. The main feature
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Oleksandr Kalynovskyi, Viktor Shemchuk, Mykhailo Huzela, Oleh Predmestnikov y Halyna Zharovska
Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
of the transformations is the orientation of policing to the prediction of
oences and their early prevention through the use of the latest technologies
and tools, in particular, crime analytics tools.
Article 25 of the above-mentioned Law determines the powers of the
police to carry out information and analytical activities. In a generalized
form, the police carry out the following measures within the scope of such
activities: creation and use of registers and databases of public authorities,
carrying out work related to the search and analysis of necessary
information, interaction with other public authorities regarding the
exchange of information, provision of data on conscripts, persons subject
to the draft and reservists. Besides, the police can create their own registers
and databases (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2022a).
The Law “On the National Police” also provides a list of devices, technical
means, as well as software, which can be used by the police in order to
perform their duties established by the law. Figure 1 provides a list of these
tools.
Figure 1. Devices, technical means and software that can be used by the police in
order to perform their duties (About the National Police, 2022).
Statistical and analytical information regarding the measures taken to
prevent and combat crimes must be made public on relevant web portals
by the heads of territorial police agencies for the purpose of public control
over policing.
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3.2. Statistical data and dynamics of the number of crimes
committed in Ukraine
In view of the legislative aspects outlined above regarding the
information and analytical activities of the Ukrainian police, it can be
concluded that the eciency of law enforcement agencies should increase
with the adoption of the Law “On the National Police”, in particular through
the use of innovative analytical tools. Therefore, it is interesting to study the
dynamics of the number of crimes committed in Ukraine under separate
criminal articles (Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2022b) before and after the
adoption of the Law (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Dynamics of the number of crimes committed in Ukraine (SLOVO I
DILO, 2021).
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Oleksandr Kalynovskyi, Viktor Shemchuk, Mykhailo Huzela, Oleh Predmestnikov y Halyna Zharovska
Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
Analysing the information presented in Figure 2, it can be noted that
the following crimes are the most common in Ukraine: theft, robbery,
brigandism, murder, tax evasion, illegal connement or abduction of a
person. After 2015-2016, there is mostly a tendency towards the reduction in
the number of such oences, which may indirectly indicate the eectiveness
of the introduction of the latest information technologies and means of
combating crime.
According to Numbeo (2021), Ukraine ranks 54
th
(out of 135 countries)
in the world according to the Crime Index. In Europe, Ukraine is in the top
three most dangerous countries (out of 41 for which the Index is dened): it
ranks third after Belarus and France (Table 1).
Table 1. Ranking of European countries according to the Crime Index (the rst
15 countries with the highest crime rates) (Numbeo, 2021).
Rank Country Crime Index Safety Index
1 Belarus 60.27 39.73
2 France 49.20 50.80
3 Ukraine 48.28 51.72
4 Sweden 47.20 52.80
5 Moldova 46.56 53.44
6 United Kingdom 45.26 54.74
7 Ireland 45.02 54.98
8 Italy 44.37 55.63
9 Belgium 44.17 55.83
10 Greece 44.14 55.86
11 Bosnia And Herzegovina 43.01 56.99
12 Albania 41.64 58.36
13 Montenegro 41.61 58.39
14 Russia 40.13 59.87
15 Malta 38.93 61.07
Ukraine’s neighbours in the mentioned ranking are such EU countries
as France and Sweden, however, the result — the third country in Europe
in terms of crime rate — cannot be satisfactory. Therefore, the public
authorities of Ukraine need to strengthen their eorts to prevent and
prevent criminal activity. A positive eect in this regard, as was determined
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earlier through the analysis of statistics, may be the further improvement of
the legislative framework regarding the activities of the National Police of
Ukraine. Besides, it is necessary to organize and stimulate the use of a wider
range of information and analytical tools by law enforcement agencies.
3.3. Analytical tools used in crime analysis to investigate crimes
Crime analysts use a wide range of analytical tools in their practice, which
involve the use of certain technical means, special methods or software
products in order to process information about the commission of crimes. In
the most general form, the classication of instrumental means of criminal
analysis includes the following elements: methodologies and techniques of
crime analysis (network analysis, ANACAPA, SOCTA); software tools for
general use (Microsoft Excel, MatCAD, MatLAB, StatGraph, Statistica);
traditional information search systems (Liga Zakon, Google, Information
Portal of the National Police of Ukraine); specialized information and
analytical systems (IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook, Palantir Gotham, HOLMS2,
RICAS, Maltego, Crime Center (Shotspotter), Command Central Aware
Motorola, SmartCOP, ePOOLICE) (Burdin, 2019; Strukov et al., 2021).
The most common analytical tools are the following:
• Analytical assessment of the crime scheme — the analysis of the
steps taken by criminals during the commission of a crime. Such
analysis includes data on dates and times of incidents, associated
persons and organizations, their movements, etc.;
• drawing up an association matrix — helps to compare and determine
the relationships between several factors, as well as to exclude
factors that do not have relationships with others;
• tracking of goods trac – reects the process of organizing the
movement of certain prohibited items, for example, drugs;
• monitoring of communications — analysis of information that can
be obtained by tapping telephone conversations, correspondence of
criminals in various messengers, via e-mail, etc.;
• analytical assessment of the crime structure — may include
cartographic analysis, analysis of series of incidents and other
directions;
• analysis of criminal proles — such proles may contain mechanisms
of committing crimes, skills, tools used by criminals, etc.;
• demographic analysis — the assessment of social changes aecting
the crime rate, for example, the analysis of unemployment trends;
• event stream analysis —visualization of a number of certain events
and the relationships between them is used during this analysis;
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Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
• the use of nancial analysis in forensics — involves the use of a wide
range of nancial analysis tools in order to detect suspicious actions
and oences;
• hypothesis testing — in the context of research, consists in using
graphic means to determine whether all elements of the crime have
been taken into account in the hypothesis advanced by the analyst;
• analysis of ties between criminals and suspected persons — consists
in a visual representation of the relationships between the specied
persons; other analytical tools (analysis of market proles, networks,
results, risks, assessment of operational capabilities, etc.) (Strukov
et al., 2021).
The above-mentioned tools are part of the functional of specialized tool
platforms for crime analysis. The listed tools can be used on the platforms
in whole or in part (the possibilities of using the tools vary depending on
the platform used). The next section provides an overview of the most
popular tool platforms that can be used in EU countries and, with certain
adaptations, in Ukraine as well.
3.4. Tool systems of EU countries in the eld of crime analytics.
The practice of introducing the latest means of criminal
analysis in Ukraine and the adaptation of European systems to
Ukrainian realities
In many developed countries, in particular, the EU and the USA, the
means of criminal analysis are widely used by law enforcement agencies,
being mandatory for crime prevention activities. Special tool platforms
adapted to the recording systems of a specic country are being developed
to solve the tasks of law enforcement agencies in these countries. There are
also a number of platforms that take into account international standards,
in particular within the previously mentioned ILP model. They belong to
the specialized information and analytical systems outlined in the above
classication. The special capabilities of the main ones are discussed below.
IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook – this tool enables to transform complex
sets of both structured and unstructured information into high-quality
operational information by means of visual analysis. The advantages of
the tool are a clear and convenient interface, the possibility of analysing
social networks, as well as presenting the results of the analysis in the form
of visualizations. The IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook exists for more than two
decades, and during that time the technology has spread around the world:
it is currently used by more than two thousand organizations to combat
crime and terrorism (IBM, 2022).
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Maltego is an open-source graphical link analysis tool that collects
and visualizes information for investigative purposes. Maltego enables
performing three main functions:
1. collect information — information can be collected from declustered
sources and viewed in the form of a graph, which can contain up
to 1 million objects. It is possible to access about 60 sources of
information in Maltego Transform Hub. It is also possible to use one’s
own, commercial or public sources and perform transformations;
2. combine information — the ability to automatically combine
information on the graph and determine the types of objects;
3. visualize connections — access to dierent layouts, application of
object weights, possibility to add annotations and export graphics
(Maltego, 2022).
Palantir Gotham – the system enables searching for the necessary objects
through a single portal, without referring to dierent systems, because
information has been collected by Gotham for more than ten years from
complex data. This information is intended for use by defence agencies,
intelligence agencies, organizations that help with natural disasters, and
other users. Data are aggregated in almost real-time, helping to accelerate
decision-making when urgency matters (Palantir, 2022).
ePOOLICE – a project nanced by EU and European countries. As a
result of its implementation, a prototype system for early detection and
prevention of threats from organized criminal groups was proposed. The
key features of the developed prototype are:
• information management in an uncertain environment;
• the ability to work with the central data storage;
• simultaneous processing of dierent le types;
• simplifying complex information by creating clear tables and data
visualizations (UNICRI, 2022; Strukov et al., 2021).
In the context of the introduction and use of these analytical systems in
Ukrainian practice, it should be noted that all of them require adaptation
to local realities, in particular, the specics of the legislative framework.
RICAS - Realtime Intelligence Crime Analytics System — can serve as an
example of a purely Ukrainian project to create an intelligent crime analysis
system. This system combines leading methods of crime analysis in real
time, thus improving the eectiveness of crime detection — both close in
the tracks and those that have been committed before (Ricas, 2022). The
system enables performing the types of analysis shown in Figure 3.
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Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
Figure 3. Analytical capabilities of the RICAS intelligent criminal analysis
system (Ricas, 2022).
Such steps undertaken by Ukraine as the introduction of its own
platforms for conducting criminal analysis testify to the readiness and
ability of the country to change the traditional way of conducting cases to a
new, more eective one. These actions bring Ukraine closer to compliance
with the high requirements that exist in the EU countries for the system
of law enforcement agencies, and contribute to the integration process.
However, improving the eectiveness of the law enforcement agencies —
through the use of the latest crime analytics tools among other things —
contributes to improving safety and well-being of Ukrainian citizens.
4. Discussion
The conducted research proves the eectiveness of introducing current
means of crime analytics when predicting, preventing and detecting crimes.
This necessitates the use of such tools in Ukrainian practice, in particular,
through research and adaptation of European experience to Ukrainian
realities.
The research results are supported by the ndings of researchers who
studied aspects of crime analytics. Knyazev (2018) notes that the constant
complication of the schemes and structure of criminal organizations
requires eective actions from law enforcement agencies in response to this
development. An experienced crime analysis using the crime analytics tools
is of great importance for the success of such actions, which contribute to
the understanding of criminal algorithms.
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Tishchenko (2019) outlined similar views in the work, stating that crime
analysis using the ILP model in the context of rapid transformation of crime
should signicantly increase the crime detection rates. Vidović (2022)
notes that the spread of transnational crime and terrorism determine the
urgent need for the introduction of ILP. As in this article, the researcher
conrms the eectiveness of the implementation of the ILP model with
crime reduction statistics, but in a dierent region (Serbia).
In their work, Korniienko et al. (2021) compare dierent policing
models. In addition to the ILP, the researchers describe the features of the
CompStat model (which is focused on crime, while the ILP is focused on
identifying threats), a socially oriented model (aimed at building trust and
strengthening communication between the police and the public).
However, this article focuses mostly on the ILP model, because, in the
author’s opinion, this model is the most widespread and eective, which
is conrmed by the study of Sullivan et al. (2020), who dene the ILP and
POP (Problem-Oriented Policing) models as the two most popular policing
models. The researcher notes that the latter was developed at the end of
the 70’s and aimed to move from purely reactionary policing to pattern
analysis and recognition, community involvement and goal setting. ILP is
based directly on POP.
Strukov et al. (2021) broadly outline current analytical tools and
platforms for crime analysis. The researchers, revealed the features of such
platforms in detail, and determined the analytical tools included in their
functional. However, unlike this study, the work does not draw a parallel
between the introduction of certain improvements in the eld of crime
analytics and their impact on the crime rate trends.
A number of studies also focused on the specics of particular platforms
for crime analysis. The features of the Maltego system studied in this article
are quite vividly covered in the work of Mediná et al. (2018). In addition to
general characteristics of the platform, the researchers indicted the types
of data that can be entered into the system, namely: domain, username,
URL, e-mail, image, DNS, IP, location, phrase, etc. Entering one of these
types of data is followed by a transformation, which results in obtaining
information related to the entered request, even in the form of another
data type. By entering an e-mail, you can get an account in a certain social
network. Their study focuses primarily on improving cyber security, while
this paper covers a wider range of crimes.
Simmler et al. (2022) distinguished the IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook
system as an advanced technology used by some Swiss police departments.
It is noted that in practice this system is primarily used for the analysis
of numerous digital evidence. The study of these researchers shows that
the use of advanced technologies, in particular tool platforms, is an option,
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Oleksandr Kalynovskyi, Viktor Shemchuk, Mykhailo Huzela, Oleh Predmestnikov y Halyna Zharovska
Fighting crime through crime analysis: The experience of using innovative technologies in
European Union countries
not a strict requirement, even in some developed countries. However,
considering that Switzerland ranks 130
th
out of 135 countries represented
in the Crime Index ranking (Numbeo, 2021), that is, it is one of the safest
countries in the world, the issue of improving the ght against crime in
this country is probably not so acute as in Ukraine. Based on the results of
this article, it is appropriate to recommend Ukraine to stimulate the use of
analytical platforms in the activities of law enforcement agencies.
Federico and Thompson (2019) detail the capabilities of the Palantir
Gotham platform and note the following features not mentioned in this
article: lead generation, fraud detection, tax fraud detection, money
laundering and asset forfeiture investigations. This and other mentioned
works considered the platforms used for the purposes of crime analysis
mostly as tools that facilitate and optimize the work of law enforcement
agencies.
However, not all researchers have similar views. For example, Castets-
Renard (2021) expresses an opinion that is opposite to the ndings presented
in this article. The researcher notes that the perception of intellectual
police as a means to eradicate crime may be wrong. This is explained by a
number of problems related to ineciency, risk of discrimination and lack
of transparency of actions.
Therefore, the conclusions drawn I this research have both supporters
and opponents among researchers. This is why further research should
focus on determining the risks and disadvantages of using the studied
platforms that oer crime analysis tools, and comparing them with the
identied advantages.
Conclusions
The transformation of criminal organizations, the emergence of new
crime schemes and the growth of crime rates in general, in particular
transnational crime and terrorism, determine the need to search for new
combating methods. The study considered the use of the latest crime
analysis tools to combat crime, which, among other things, contributes
not only to the eectiveness of responding to committed crimes, but also
creates opportunities for their prevention.
The article outlined the powers of the police in the eld of information
and analytical support and legislative aspects regarding the use of technical
devices, technical means and specialized software. The statistics of
crimes committed in Ukraine for 2013 to 2020 are provided by separate
criminal articles. The most often violated articles of the Criminal Code
were identied. It was also determined that the number of crimes under
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these articles decreased after the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On the
National Police”. In turn, one of the priorities of the new police is the use of
the latest crime analysis tools, so trend changes can indirectly indicate the
eectiveness of the use of the latest crime analysis tools by law enforcement
agencies.
Besides, the article reviews the analytical tools used in crime analysis
to investigate crimes, as well as the crime analysis tool systems of the
EU countries. The following tool platforms used in EU countries were
considered: IBM i2 Analyst’s Notebook, Maltego, Palantir Gotham and
ePOOLICE. The practice of introducing the latest means of crime analysis
in Ukraine is outlined, in particular the features of the RICAS system, as
well as the possibility of adapting European systems in Ukraine.
Further research should focus on determining the risks and disadvantages
of using particular platforms that oer crime analysis tools, and comparing
them with the identied advantages.
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Esta revista fue editada en formato digital y publicada
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Vol.41 Nº 76
