Nicotine effects on zebrafish / Yaraş and Çek-Yalniz ________________________________________________________________________________
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results are consistent with the reported results from another study
on zebrash [20]. There is a lack of information in the literature on
clearance and exact pathways of Nicotine in zebrash and other sh
species. However peripheral nicotinic receptors have been found
in muscle, neuroendocrine cells, peripheral–blood, leukocytes and
ganglia in zebrash [23]. More recently, zebrash has been used as
a model organism, in order to examine ventilation frequency [24].
Exposure to Nicotine increased ventilation frequency. Ventilation
frequency in zebrash was stimulated by both ACh and Nicotine.
The present study assume that after Nicotine exposure the plasma
and urine Nicotine concentrations of zebrash are elevated through
inhalation and/or through semi permeable body skin. Therefore low
survival rate recorded. Nevertheless, direct evidence is awaited
inclearance and exact pathways of Nicotine in the body of zebrash.
CONCLUSIONS
Zebrash can be used successfully to nd out the detrimental
and/or benecial effects of Nicotine. Although the exact mechanism
of the adverse effects of Nicotine on zebrash is not known, In the
current study, the detrimental effects of Nicotine on body morphology,
body color, weight and survival rate were clearly detected. A dose
dependent reduction in the survival and growth rate recorded and
the most harmful effects noted on the N3, 20 mg·L
–1
per liter of
water groups. Finally, it is emphasized that Nicotine is certainly a
harmful factor for zebrash body color, spinal curvature, weight,
length and survival rate. Although Nicotine may have benecial anti–
inammatory effects and has the potential for cessation of smoking,
and perhaps in preventing obesity, further research is needed by using
zebrash as a model organism and caution must be taken when used
in replacement therapy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was funded by a grant from Iskenderun Technical
University, Turkey (The Project number is 2021LTP–02). The study
was also founded by the Turkish Higher Education Council 100/2000
Doctorate Grant.
Conict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conict of interest.
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