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	<front>
		<journal-meta>
			<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">km</journal-id>
			<journal-title-group>
				<journal-title>Kasmera</journal-title>
				<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Kasmera</abbrev-journal-title>
			</journal-title-group>
			<issn pub-type="ppub">0075-5222</issn>
			<issn pub-type="epub">2477-9628</issn>
			<publisher>
				<publisher-name>Universidad del Zulia</publisher-name>
			</publisher>
		</journal-meta>
		<article-meta>
			<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.3732353</article-id>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artículo Original</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus: Generación y validación de un instrumento (F-COVID-19)</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5940-7281</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mejia</surname>
						<given-names>Christian R</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4059-8214</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rodríguez-Alarcón</surname>
						<given-names>J Franco</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1960-2952</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Carbajal</surname>
						<given-names>Macarena</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3554-4713</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pérez-Espinoza</surname>
						<given-names>Pierina</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9861-1699</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Porras-Carhuamaca</surname>
						<given-names>Luz A</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3740-2188</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sifuentes-Rosales</surname>
						<given-names>Jhesly</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3618-6532</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Contreras-Cabrera</surname>
						<given-names>Jhuliana M</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4059-8062</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Carranza Esteban</surname>
						<given-names>Renzo Felipe</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2245-9491</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ruiz-Mamani</surname>
						<given-names>Percy G</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff1">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad Continental. Facultad de Medicina Humana. Huancayo-Junín. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Continental</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Facultad de Medicina Humana</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Huancayo</city>
					<state>Junín</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Perú</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff2">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad Ricardo Palma. Facultad de Medicina Humana “Manuel Huamán Guerrero”. Lima, Perú. </institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad Ricardo Palma</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Ricardo Palma</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Facultad de Medicina Humana “Manuel Huamán Guerrero”</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Lima</city>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff3">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud. Lima, Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Lima</city>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Perú</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff4">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán. Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Huánuco. Huánuco-Huánuco. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Huánuco</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Huánuco</city>
					<state>Huánuco</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff5">
				<label>5</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad San Martín de Porres. Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas. Chiclayo-Lambayeque. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad de San Martín de Porres</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad San Martín de Porres</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina Veritas</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Chiclayo</city>
					<state>Lambayeque</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff6">
				<label>6</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca. Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Cajamarca. Cajamarca-Cajamarca. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgdiv1">Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de Cajamarca</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Cajamarca</city>
					<state>Cajamarca</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff7">
				<label>7</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Trujillo-La Libertad. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Trujillo</city>
					<state>La Libertad</state>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff8">
				<label>8</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. Lima. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Lima</city>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff9">
				<label>9</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista. Lima. Perú.</institution>
				<institution content-type="normalized">Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista</institution>
				<institution content-type="orgname">Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista</institution>
				<addr-line>
					<city>Lima</city>
				</addr-line>
				<country country="PE">Peru</country>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<corresp id="c1">Autor de Correspondencia: Mejía Christian R. E-mail: <email>christian.mejia.md@gmail.com</email>
				</corresp>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn1">
					<label>Conflicto de relaciones y actividades</label>
					<p> Los autores declaran no presentar conflictos de intereses.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="equal" id="fn3">
					<label>Contribución de los Autores:</label>
					<p> MJR, RAJF, CM, PEP, PCLA, SRJ, CCJM, CERF Y PGRM: participaron en la conceptualización, metodología, software, validación, análisis formal, investigación, recursos, curación de datos, redacción-preparación del borrador original, redacción-revisión y edición.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<pub-date pub-type="collection">
				<season>Jan-Jun</season>
				<year>2020</year>
			</pub-date>
			<volume>48</volume>
			<issue>01</issue>
			<elocation-id>e48118032020</elocation-id>
			<history>Recibido:<date date-type="received">
					<day>18</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2020</year>
				</date>Aceptado:<date date-type="accepted">
					<day>27</day>
					<month>03</month>
					<year>2020</year>
				</date>Publicado:<date date-type="pub">
					<day>01</day>
					<month>04</month>
					<year>2020</year>
				</date>
			</history>
			<permissions>
				<copyright-statement>©2020. Los Autores. Kasmera. Publicación del Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales de la Facultad de Medicina. Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo-Venezuela. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los términos de la licencia que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y reproducción sin restricciones en cualquier medio, siempre y cuando la obra original sea debidamente citada.</copyright-statement>
				<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
				<copyright-holder>Los Autores. Kasmera</copyright-holder>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" xml:lang="es">
					<license-p>Este es un artículo publicado en acceso abierto bajo una licencia Creative Commons</license-p>
				</license>
				<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="2477-9628-km-48-01-e48118032020-g" xml:lang="en">
					<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
				</license>
			</permissions>
			<abstract>
				<title>Resumen</title>
				<p>El coronavirus ha generado una suerte de “histeria colectiva” en diversas poblaciones. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue validar un test que mida el fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus. Se realizó un proceso de validación en cinco fases: Búsqueda de la literatura y construcción del primer borrador, juicio de fondo con 28 expertos, evaluación de forma con 280 personas, piloto para análisis factorial exploratorio en 389 personas (en ambas se contó con 17 ciudades de Perú) y confirmación de la validez del constructo final con 10 expertos. Los estadísticos de KMO (0,779) y Bartlett (572,6; gl = 21; p &lt; 0,001) presentaron resultados aceptables y significativos. La varianza total explicada por los 7 ítems distribuidos en 2 factores es de 58,9%, lo cual es adecuado. Los análisis robustos muestran que la estructura factorial es satisfactoria (X<sup>2</sup> = 21,161; p = 0,007; CFI = 0,984; GFI = 0,996; TLI = 0,957; RMSEA = 0,067 y RMSR = 0,033). Se generó una escala de 7 ítems para medir las medidas fatalistas que las personas podrían tener o tomar si es que llegasen a enfermarse del coronavirus.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="es">
				<title>Palabras claves:</title>
				<kwd>coronavirus</kwd>
				<kwd>estudios de validación</kwd>
				<kwd>resultado fatal</kwd>
				<kwd>pandemia</kwd>
				<kwd>SARS-COVD</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
			<counts>
				<fig-count count="0"/>
				<table-count count="6"/>
				<equation-count count="0"/>
				<ref-count count="44"/>
				<page-count count="0"/>
			</counts>
		</article-meta>
	</front>
	<body>
		<sec sec-type="intro">
			<title>Introducción</title>
			<p>El coronavirus es la actual infección que genera más información, tiene la mayor extensión a nivel mundial y es artífice de muchos cambios en el aspecto socio-político y económico <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>, se sabe que su porcentaje de letalidad es menor al 5%, siendo muy bajo entre las personas con edades bajas o sin comorbilidades; los ancianos, pacientes oncológicos, mujeres embarazadas y que tienen alguna enfermedad que afecte su inmunidad son los que tienen más riesgo actualmente <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>. Este conocimiento se ha transmitido de estudios científicos y de medios oficiales, por ejemplo, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref>. </p>
			<p>Incluso, estos datos han sido difundidos por muchos otros medios, como lo son la prensa escrita, la televisión, la radio, entre otros <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref>, incluso, las redes sociales se han encargado de difundir esta información oficial <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>. Lo que debería generar que la población esté un poco más tranquila; esto para que sepa que, si bien, se deben tomar las medidas preventivas, esta no es una enfermedad con un alto porcentaje de mortalidad <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>; incluso algunas otras enfermedades tienen una mayor mortalidad que el coronavirus; como la tuberculosis, el dengue, entre otras <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>A pesar de toda la información que circula por diversos medios, aún existen algunos que son alarmistas, que generan desinformación y que preocupan a la población <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Por lo que, existe un grupo de personas que se basan en estas últimas fuentes con información equivocada. Sus acciones, pensamientos y percepciones pueden ser extremas o incluso fatalistas, esto se ha observado también en otras enfermedades previas, por ejemplo, se sabía que algunas personas que se enteraban que padecían de VIH/SIDA o de una enfermedad oncológica se suicidaban, por el miedo a lo que viene <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Es por eso que nuestro objetivo fue validar un test que mida el fatalismo ante la posibilidad de contagio por el coronavirus; de manera que pueda ser utilizado en otros contextos y latitudes al evaluar la sensación de fatalismo ante la aparición de una enfermedad emergente con potencial pandémico.</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="methods">
			<title>Métodos</title>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Tipo y diseño de la investigación:</italic></title>
				<p> se realizó un estudio de tipo instrumental y de corte transversal <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>. Esto se realizó en 17 ciudades peruanas: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cerro de Pasco, Chiclayo, Chimbote, Cusco, Huancayo, Huánuco, Ica, Iquitos, Lima, Piura, Pucallpa, Puno, Tacna y Trujillo.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Población y muestra:</italic></title>
				<p> se incluyó a 28 profesionales de la salud para la fase de evaluación de fondo por expertos, dichos profesionales tenían las siguientes ocupaciones: infectólogos, salubristas, epidemiólogos, enfermeras, psicólogos, entre otros diversos. Dichos profesionales no participaron en el llenado del instrumento.</p>
				<p>Para la validación de la forma y de las preguntas (para el análisis factorial exploratorio) se incluyó a todos aquellos profesionales de salud (médicos, enfermeras, internos de medicina y otros profesionales del primer y máximo nivel de atención), pacientes en riesgo (ancianos, pacientes con patologías oncológicas, gestantes y con otras condiciones médicas) y público en general (que no fuesen de los dos grupos anteriores) que estuviesen dispuestos a participar del estudio y que respondiesen adecuadamente todas las preguntas. Esta muestra piloto estuvo conformada de 389 personas. Se excluyó a aquellos que sean menores de 18 años, que hayan respondido la encuesta incorrectamente, que no hayan respondido la mayoría de las preguntas o que no deseaban participar en el estudio. El muestreo fue no probabilístico en todas las etapas del estudio (pero se tomó en cuenta que se tenga similar cantidad en la costa, sierra y selva; según la demografía poblacional de cada región). </p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Procedimientos:</italic></title>
				<p> se procedió a realizar una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos como Google Scholar (buscador), Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs y Hinari con las palabras clave en los buscadores tales como: COVID - 19, SARS COVID, coronavirus. Al finalizar la búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó el primer borrador del instrumento de recolección de datos. Luego este borrador fue revisado y aprobado por todos los autores.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Información técnica y metodológica:</italic></title>
				<p> la escala de fatalismo por COVID-19 (F-COVID-19), mide la percepción/creencia de posibles situaciones post contagio del coronavirus. Está conformada por 7 ítems, los cuales fueron elaborados por los autores de la presente investigación basada en la definición o modelo conceptual de los artículos que han sido publicados el 2020 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>. Tiene 5 opciones de respuesta (Muy en desacuerdo, en desacuerdo, indiferente, de acuerdo y muy de acuerdo). </p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Recolección de la Información:</italic></title>
				<p> en primer lugar, la escala de fatalismo por COVID-19 fue analizada y revisada por el equipo de investigación (tomando en cuenta las preguntas más importantes que se encontraban disponibles hasta febrero en la literatura mundial). En segundo lugar, se analizó la evidencia de la validez de contenido de la escala por lo que se solicitó el juicio de 28 expertos, donde analizaron la relevancia, representatividad y claridad de los ítems <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. En la tercera fase, se procedió a la aplicación de la escala de fatalismo por COVID-19, fue administrada de manera individual y colectiva en sus hogares, centros de trabajo y de estudio. Antes de la aplicación se les comentó el objetivo de la investigación y se solicitó el consentimiento verbal. Se consideró la participación voluntaria y anónima. La cuarta fase fue el análisis estadístico y se tuvo una última verificación de las preguntas, esto a través del juicio de 10 expertos, donde verificaron las preguntas una última vez.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Análisis estadístico:</italic></title>
				<p> en primera instancia, la evidencia de la validez de contenido consideró 4 criterios para la evaluación de los ítems (0 nada relevante/representativo/claro hasta 3 totalmente relevante/representativo/claro) y para cuantificar el grado de relevancia, representatividad y claridad se empleó el coeficiente V de Aiken y sus Intervalos de Confianza (IC) al 95%. Una V ≥ .70 e IC ≥ .59 indican una valoración positiva del reactivo.</p>
				<p>En segunda instancia, se analizó la distribución de los ítems para identificar posibles excesos de asimetría y curtosis (&gt; 1). En tercera instancia; se ejecutó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) por mínimos cuadrados ordinario robusto, aplicando una rotación promin oblicua, en base a una matriz de correlación de Pearson. Se empleó el test de Bartlett y el índice Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). El análisis paralelo sugirió 2 factores, lo cual fue concordante con el modelo inicial. Para todos estos procedimientos se utilizó el programa estadístico FACTOR Analysis versión 10,1 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. Por último, para calcular la fiabilidad de la escala se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS versión 24,0 </p>
			</sec>
			<sec>
				<title><italic>Aspectos Bioéticos:</italic></title>
				<p> el proyecto de esta investigación contó con las consideraciones éticas para investigaciones; esto sabiendo que en medidas de emergencia (brotes y epidemias), las investigaciones deben salir lo antes posible, para ayudar a la comunidad científica y médica en la comprensión del fenómeno. Cada uno de los participantes dio su consentimiento verbal, post la indicación de que su participación fue totalmente voluntaria en el estudio.</p>
			</sec>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="results">
			<title>Resultados</title>
			<p>Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio se basaron en la información de 389 personas que aceptaron voluntariamente responder a los ítems de la escala de fatalismo por coronavirus y se eliminaron 24 registros debido a que había preguntas sin responder o con doble respuesta. Se hizo una evaluación en base a los descriptivos de los ítems. El ítem 8 “Considero que si alguien tiene un caso grave de coronavirus debería ser sometido a un sacrificio/eutanasia o similar, para evitar el contagio” fue eliminado por presentar una varianza común inferior a 0,3 y un coeficiente de correlación corregido del ítem con el total de elementos inferior a 0,3 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabla 1</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t1">
					<label>Tabla 1</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Descriptivos de la escala de fatalismo por COVID-19 (F-COVID-19).</title>
					</caption>
					<table>
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Variable</th>
								<th align="center">M</th>
								<th align="center">DE</th>
								<th align="center">As</th>
								<th align="center">K</th>
								<th align="center">h</th>
								<th align="center">r itc</th>
								<th align="center">α</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item1</td>
								<td align="center">2,332</td>
								<td align="center">1,035</td>
								<td align="center">0,657</td>
								<td align="center">-0,419</td>
								<td align="center">0,306</td>
								<td align="center">0,382</td>
								<td align="center">0,730</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item2</td>
								<td align="center">2,205</td>
								<td align="center">0,995</td>
								<td align="center">0,699</td>
								<td align="center">-0,462</td>
								<td align="center">0,641</td>
								<td align="center">0,458</td>
								<td align="center">0,717</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item3</td>
								<td align="center">2,337</td>
								<td align="center">1,072</td>
								<td align="center">0,541</td>
								<td align="center">-0,756</td>
								<td align="center">0,461</td>
								<td align="center">0,506</td>
								<td align="center">0,707</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item4</td>
								<td align="center">2,978</td>
								<td align="center">1,189</td>
								<td align="center">-0,164</td>
								<td align="center">-1,165</td>
								<td align="center">0,327</td>
								<td align="center">0,490</td>
								<td align="center">0,710</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item5</td>
								<td align="center">3,077</td>
								<td align="center">1,193</td>
								<td align="center">-0,197</td>
								<td align="center">-1,113</td>
								<td align="center">0,474</td>
								<td align="center">0,573</td>
								<td align="center">0,692</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item6</td>
								<td align="center">3,970</td>
								<td align="center">0,910</td>
								<td align="center">-1,097</td>
								<td align="center">1,367</td>
								<td align="center">0,498</td>
								<td align="center">0,464</td>
								<td align="center">0,717</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item7</td>
								<td align="center">3,740</td>
								<td align="center">1,184</td>
								<td align="center">-0,824</td>
								<td align="center">-0,272</td>
								<td align="center">0,340</td>
								<td align="center">0,432</td>
								<td align="center">0,722</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item8</td>
								<td align="center">4,027</td>
								<td align="center">1,077</td>
								<td align="center">-1,306</td>
								<td align="center">1,149</td>
								<td align="center">0,148</td>
								<td align="center">0,235</td>
								<td align="center">0,757</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN1">
							<p>M = Media, DE = Desviación estándar, As = Coeficiente de asimetría, K = Coeficiente de curtosis, h = Comunalidades</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Se examinó si la muestra era adecuada para realizar un análisis factorial exploratorio. Los estadísticos de KMO (0,779) y Bartlett (572,6; gl = 21; p &lt; 0,001) presentaron resultados aceptables y significativos, por lo tanto, se hizo un análisis de la estructura factorial de la escala de fatalismo por coronavirus, el cual se basó en una matriz de correlación producto momento (Pearson). Si bien los ítems 4, 5, 6 y 8 presentan coeficientes de asimetría y curtosis son superiores a 1 en valor absoluto, este no fue un inconveniente debido a que se usó el método del análisis paralelo (según lo publicado por Horn) para determinar el número de factores y el método robusto de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios con rotación oblicua promin para analizar la estructura factorial o saturación de los ítems donde los valores inferiores a 0,4 fueron omitidos. </p>
			<p>El análisis paralelo sugirió una estructura de 2 factores. Los ítems 4, 5, 6 y 7 presentan saturaciones superiores a 0,4 en el factor 1 (<italic>denominado: Consecuencias fatales extremas por la consecuencia de la infección</italic>) y aporta el 40,9% de la varianza explicada y los ítems 1, 2 y 3 que saturan en el factor 2 (<italic>denominado: Preocupación por la infección por coronavirus</italic>) aportan el 17,9%. Así la varianza total explicada por los 7 ítems distribuidos en 2 factores es de 58,9%, lo cual es adecuado. La correlación entre los factores fue significativamente superior a 0,3 (r = 0,457; p &lt; 0,001). Los análisis robustos (X<sup>2</sup> = 21,161; p = 0,007; CFI = 0,984, GFI = 0,996; TLI = 0,957; RMSEA = 0,067 y RMSR = 0,033), muestran que la estructura factorial es satisfactoria (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabla 2</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t2">
					<label>Tabla 2</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Análisis factorial exploratorio la escala de fatalismo por COVID-19 (F-COVID-19).</title>
					</caption>
					<table>
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Ítems</th>
								<th align="center">F 1</th>
								<th align="center">F 2</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que me contagiaría/infectaría en mi trabajo o centro de estudios</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center">0,544</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que, si me enfermo, yo infectaré a mis familiares/amigos</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center">0,853</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que me internarán en un hospital por una complicación</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center">0,603</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que, al contagiarme con este virus, me deprimiré</td>
								<td align="center">0,424</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que, al contagiarme con este virus, podría fallecer (moriré por el virus)</td>
								<td align="center">0,591</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que, al contagiarme, podría tomar una decisión fatal (como suicidio)</td>
								<td align="center">0,698</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="justify">Creo que esto evidencia que se acerca el “fin del mundo”</td>
								<td align="center">0,627</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN2">
							<p>Correlación interfactorial = 0,457</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
			<p>Respecto a la confiabilidad de la escala F-COVID-19, los resultados muestran que los 7 ítems que conforman la escala tienen un coeficiente de confiabilidad superior a 0,7. Los factores 1 y 2 y la escala total también presentan coeficientes por encima de 0,7; lo cual indica que el instrumento presenta consistencia interna. Así se presenta como resultado una escala con propiedades de medición válidas y confiables (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabla 3</xref>).</p>
			<p>
				<table-wrap id="t3">
					<label>Tabla 3</label>
					<caption>
						<title>Descriptivos de los 7 ítems de la escala final de fatalismo por coronavirus (F-COVID-19).</title>
					</caption>
					<table>
						<colgroup>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
							<col/>
						</colgroup>
						<thead>
							<tr>
								<th align="center">Variable</th>
								<th align="center">M</th>
								<th align="center">DE</th>
								<th align="center">As</th>
								<th align="center">K</th>
								<th align="center">h</th>
								<th align="center">r itc</th>
								<th align="center">a</th>
							</tr>
						</thead>
						<tbody>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Factor 1:</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item4</td>
								<td align="center">2,978</td>
								<td align="center">1,189</td>
								<td align="center">-0,164</td>
								<td align="center">-1,165</td>
								<td align="center">0,348</td>
								<td align="center">0,512</td>
								<td align="center">0,719</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item5</td>
								<td align="center">3,077</td>
								<td align="center">1,193</td>
								<td align="center">-0,197</td>
								<td align="center">-1,113</td>
								<td align="center">0,465</td>
								<td align="center">0,553</td>
								<td align="center">0,709</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item6</td>
								<td align="center">3,970</td>
								<td align="center">0,910</td>
								<td align="center">-1,097</td>
								<td align="center">1,367</td>
								<td align="center">0,431</td>
								<td align="center">0,423</td>
								<td align="center">0,738</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item7</td>
								<td align="center">3,740</td>
								<td align="center">1,184</td>
								<td align="center">-0,824</td>
								<td align="center">-0,272</td>
								<td align="center">0,373</td>
								<td align="center">0,423</td>
								<td align="center">0,740</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Total</td>
								<td align="center">13,764</td>
								<td align="center">3,279</td>
								<td align="center">-0,374</td>
								<td align="center">-0,056</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center">0,703</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Factor 2:</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item1</td>
								<td align="center">2,332</td>
								<td align="center">1,035</td>
								<td align="center">0,657</td>
								<td align="center">-0,419</td>
								<td align="center">0,308</td>
								<td align="center">0,401</td>
								<td align="center">0,742</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item2</td>
								<td align="center">2,205</td>
								<td align="center">0,995</td>
								<td align="center">0,699</td>
								<td align="center">-0,462</td>
								<td align="center">0,664</td>
								<td align="center">0,489</td>
								<td align="center">0,725</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Item3</td>
								<td align="center">2,337</td>
								<td align="center">1,072</td>
								<td align="center">0,541</td>
								<td align="center">-0,756</td>
								<td align="center">0,454</td>
								<td align="center">0,525</td>
								<td align="center">0,716</td>
							</tr>
							<tr>
								<td align="center">Total</td>
								<td align="center">6,874</td>
								<td align="center">2,471</td>
								<td align="center">0,422</td>
								<td align="center">-0,254</td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center"> </td>
								<td align="center">0,709</td>
							</tr>
						</tbody>
					</table>
					<table-wrap-foot>
						<fn id="TFN3">
							<p>M = Media, DE = Desviación estándar, As = Coeficiente de asimetría, K = Coeficiente de curtosis, h = Comunalidades</p>
						</fn>
					</table-wrap-foot>
				</table-wrap>
			</p>
		</sec>
		<sec sec-type="discussion">
			<title>Discusión</title>
			<p>El coronavirus se ha convertido rápidamente en el problema más importante del 2020, ya casi la totalidad de países a nivel mundial han reportado casos a la fecha <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>. Incluso, muchos países han dispuesto medidas muy estrictas para poder frenar esta pandemia <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>. Es por eso que se validó un instrumento que pueda medir efectivamente el fatalismo que algunas personas pueden tener con respecto a la enfermedad; esto mediante un test simple y con pocas preguntas.</p>
			<p>El factor 2 del test mide el fatalismo en cuánto al posible contagio que pudo tener, las tres preguntas que comprenden este factor miden el hecho que se ha infectado en su trabajo o centro de estudios, también la posibilidad de que el encuestado llegue a contagiar a sus familiares y amigos; así como, que esta enfermedad traiga complicaciones que lo lleven a internarse a un hospital. Estas preguntas no solo traducen la posibilidad muy fatalista de contagiarse; que esta si es una posibilidad real, ya que, hay proyecciones que muestran que para el 2021 el 60-70% de la población estará infectada por COVID-19 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. Solo que esto se manifiesta que será realizado en un ambiente laboral o de estudios, lo que muestra el temor por la infección comunitaria; que es la principal fuente de contagio por el momento <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>. Además, se pone en manifiesto que ellos están seguros que contagiarán a sus allegados, cumpliendo la teoría que el R0 de la transmisión es de 2-3 personas por cada infectado <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref>. Por último, se validó la pregunta que manifiesta que tienen la posibilidad de que tenga una complicación, cuando esto se sabe que pasa en el 5% de la población <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, sobre todo cuando se pertenece a una población en riesgo <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref>. Futuros estudios deben evaluar estas respuestas según el tipo de población en la que se han realizado, ya que, no es lo mismo tener algunas de estas preguntas entre la población en general que entre la población en riesgo <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>El factor 1 ha reunido las preguntas fatalistas extremas, ya que, se encontró que las personas piensan que se van a deprimir si es que se enteran del padecimiento de la enfermedad, lo cual es coherente con lo reportado por muchas investigaciones, en donde se muestra que muchos llegan a padecer de depresión al enterarse que tiene una enfermedad crónica o con una alta letalidad <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref>. Otra pregunta que entró al test fue el hecho de que los encuestados piensan que van a llegar a morir si se llegan a infectar; actualmente se sabe que la tasa de letalidad es de 2-3 por cada 100 infectados <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>; excepto en algunos países como Italia, en donde la tasa es de casi 10 por cada 100 infectados <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>29</sup></xref>; esto traduce el miedo que tienen a fallecer, siendo esta la complicación más seria que tiene la enfermedad. Estudios posteriores deben realizar mediciones si es que esta población tiene en verdad algún factor de riesgo, ya que, sería importante hacer análisis situacionales entre quienes presentan un mayor miedo o preocupación ante esta interrogante. Si se está dando entre la población que realmente tiene el riesgo, se deberá a que se están informados mínimamente <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref>, sin embargo, si esto se da entre sujetos que no están considerados como población en riesgo, esto evidenciaría un temor innecesario, que hasta puede generar otras repercusiones <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>31</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>33</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Una pregunta que entró al test y que es en extremo interesante es la que menciona que el encuestado podría tomar una decisión fatal de enterarse que tiene el virus, esto es un gran problema para la salud pública, pero que tiene antecedentes en otras patologías, ya que, es sabido que algunos pacientes al enterarse que tienen VIH o cáncer toman esta decisión <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Además, hay reportes de otras patologías que también pueden provocar esta reacción <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>34</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>36</sup></xref>. Esto también debe ser evaluado en qué tipo de personas está que sucede con más frecuencia, ya que, se tiene que tratar de caracterizar a las personas que tienen más riesgo para esta medida tan fatalista, además, esto debe ser evaluado junto con otros test, que midan la depresión global y hasta la autoestima, ambas se han demostrado que tienen mucha influencia con la ideación suicida <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>38</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>Por último, se encontró que una pregunta ha medido efectivamente la percepción de que esto es evidencia que se acerca el “fin del mundo”; siendo esto un componente que puede lindar con lo mágico o religioso <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>39</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41"><sup>41</sup></xref>. Ya que, se sabe que algunas personas tienen una fe en ciertas creencias o sucesos, esto los hace predispuestos a comentarios de sus allegados, amigos y, en general, de su círculo habitual que genera que tengan esta percepción <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42"><sup>42</sup></xref>, la cual se ve adicionalmente influenciada por imágenes emitidas en los medios de comunicación basándose en el pensamiento religioso apocalíptico que pone en lucha tanto la esperanza y el miedo a la muerte <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43"><sup>43</sup></xref>. Esto también debe ser evaluado en conjunto con otras preguntas, para que se sepa que religión profesan los que opinan que esto es presagio del “fin del mundo”, ya que, se sabe la estrecha relación entre algunas religiones y este tipo de percepciones fatalistas <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44"><sup>44</sup></xref>.</p>
			<p>El estudio tuvo la limitación de que se ha realizado solo en personas del Perú, lo que, debería tomarse con cautela para aquellas investigaciones que intenten extrapolar sus resultados a otras poblaciones. Sin embargo, creemos que por la amplia y diversa población (cientos de personas en costa, sierra, selva, de estratos socio-económicos A, B, C y D); esto podría ser utilizado en países con realidades similares, siendo los más cercanos: Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, entre otros de América Latina.</p>
			<p>Por todo lo mencionado, se concluye que, se realizó una validación de un instrumento que mide el fatalismo en personas que podrían infectarse por el coronavirus SARS-COVID 2, se encontró dos factores, uno más relacionado a <italic>la preocupación por la infección por coronavirus</italic>, y la otra más a <italic>las consecuencias fatales extremas por la consecuencia de la infección</italic>.</p>
		</sec>
	</body>
	<back>
		<ack>
			<title>Agradecimientos</title>
			<p>Nos gustaría agradecer al universitario Alan Wenceslao Quispe Sancho que nos ayudó en la recolección de información para este proyecto. Así como al grupo de investigación COVID-19-GIS-Peru, que apoyó en la recolección de datos en las ciudades evaluadas.</p>
		</ack>
		<ref-list>
			<title>Referencias Bibliográficas</title>
			<ref id="B1">
				<label>1</label>
				<mixed-citation>1 Vigilancia Global de enfermedad causada por infeccion humana con nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19)-OPS/OMS|Organización Panamericana de la Salud [Internet]. [citado 2020 Mar 15]. Disponible en: <comment>Disponible en: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/vigilancia-global-enfermedad-causada-por-infeccion-humana-con-nuevo-coronavirus-covid-19">https://www.paho.org/es/documentos/vigilancia-global-enfermedad-causada-por-infeccion-humana-con-nuevo-coronavirus-covid-19</ext-link>
					</comment>
				</mixed-citation>
				<element-citation publication-type="webpage">
					<source>Vigilancia Global de enfermedad causada por infeccion humana con nuevo coronavirus (COVID-19)-OPS/OMS</source>
					<person-group person-group-type="author">
						<collab>Organización Panamericana de la Salud</collab>
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		<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
			<label>Financiamiento</label>
			<p> El presente estudio fue financiado por los autores.</p>
		</fn>
	</back>
	<sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
		<front-stub>
			<article-categories>
				<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
					<subject>Artículo Original</subject>
				</subj-group>
			</article-categories>
			<title-group>
				<article-title>Fatalism due to the possibility of coronavirus infection: Generation and validation of an instrument (F-COVID-19)</article-title>
			</title-group>
			<contrib-group>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5940-7281</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Mejia</surname>
						<given-names>Christian R</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>1</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4059-8214</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Rodríguez-Alarcón</surname>
						<given-names>J Franco</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>2</sup></xref>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>3</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1960-2952</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Carbajal</surname>
						<given-names>Macarena</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3554-4713</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Pérez-Espinoza</surname>
						<given-names>Pierina</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>5</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9861-1699</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Porras-Carhuamaca</surname>
						<given-names>Luz A</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>6</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3740-2188</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Sifuentes-Rosales</surname>
						<given-names>Jhesly</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>4</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3618-6532</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Contreras-Cabrera</surname>
						<given-names>Jhuliana M</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>7</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4059-8062</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Carranza Esteban</surname>
						<given-names>Renzo Felipe</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>8</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
				<contrib contrib-type="author">
					<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2245-9491</contrib-id>
					<name>
						<surname>Ruiz-Mamani</surname>
						<given-names>Percy G</given-names>
					</name>
					<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>9</sup></xref>
				</contrib>
			</contrib-group>
			<aff id="aff10">
				<label>1</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Continental University. Faculty of Human Medicine. Huancayo-Junín. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff11">
				<label>2</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Ricardo Palma University. Faculty of Human Medicine &quot;Manuel Huamán Guerrero&quot;. Lima, Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff12">
				<label>3</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Medical Association for Health Research and Services. Lima, Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff13">
				<label>4</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Hermilio Valdizán National University. Scientific Society of Medical Students of Huánuco. Huánuco-Huánuco. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff14">
				<label>5</label>
				<institution content-type="original">San Martín de Porres University. Veritas Scientific Society of Medical Students. Chiclayo-Lambayeque. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff15">
				<label>6</label>
				<institution content-type="original">National University of Cajamarca. Scientific Society of Medicine Students of Cajamarca. Cajamarca-Cajamarca. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff16">
				<label>7</label>
				<institution content-type="original">Antenor Orrego Private University. Trujillo-La Libertad. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff17">
				<label>8</label>
				<institution content-type="original">San Ignacio de Loyola University. Lima. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<aff id="aff18">
				<label>9</label>
				<institution content-type="original">San Juan Bautista Private University. Lima. Perú.</institution>
			</aff>
			<author-notes>
				<fn fn-type="conflict" id="fn1">
					<label>Conflict of relationships and activities </label>
					<p> The authors declare not to have any relationships or activities conflict.</p>
				</fn>
				<fn fn-type="equal" id="fn3">
					<label>Authors Contribution: </label>
					<p> MJR, RAJF, CM, PEP, PCLA, SRJ, CCJM, CERF and PGRM: participated in conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, research, resources, data curation, writing-preparing the original draft, writing-reviewing and editing.</p>
				</fn>
			</author-notes>
			<abstract>
				<p>Abstract Coronavirus has generated a kind of &quot;mass hysteria&quot; in various populations. A validation process was generated for a test that measures fatalism in the face of the possibility of infection by the coronavirus. A validation process was carried out in five phases: literature search and construction of the first draft, substantive judgement with 28 experts, formal evaluation with 280 people, pilot for exploratory factor analysis in 389 people (in both cases there were 17 cities in Peru) and confirmation of the validity of the final construct with 10 experts. The statisticians of KMO (0.779) and Bartlett (572.6; gl = 21; p &lt; 0.001) presented acceptable and significant results. The total variance explained by the 7 items distributed in 2 factors is 58.9%, which is adequate. Robust analyses show that the factor structure is satisfactory (X2 = 21.161; p = 0.007; IFC = 0.984; GFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.067 and RMSR = 0.033). A 7-item scale was generated to measure the fatalistic measures people might have or take if they became ill with the coronavirus.</p>
			</abstract>
			<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
				<title>Keywords:</title>
				<kwd>coronavirus</kwd>
				<kwd>validation studies</kwd>
				<kwd>fatal outcome</kwd>
				<kwd>pandemic</kwd>
				<kwd>SARS-COVD</kwd>
			</kwd-group>
		</front-stub>
		<body>
			<sec sec-type="intro">
				<title>Introduction</title>
				<p>Nowadays, Coronavirus is the infection that is producing more information worldwide, it is having the biggest spread in the world and it’s generating a lot of social - political and economic changes <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1"><sup>1</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5"><sup>5</sup></xref>. It is known that its fatality rate is less than 5%, having a low impact among young and without comorbidities patients. In contrast, elderly individuals, oncologic patients, pregnant women and immunodeficient individuals are at greater risk <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8"><sup>8</sup></xref>. These facts have been transmitted through scientific research papers and official media as World Health Organization (WHO) <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9"><sup>9</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>In addition, this information has been spread by other media as newspapers, television, radio, etc <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10"><sup>10</sup></xref>. Even, social networking has been spreading official news <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11"><sup>11</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12"><sup>12</sup></xref>. For these reasons, general population should be calm and take preventing measurements, since, this is not a disease with a high mortality rate problem <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7"><sup>7</sup></xref>. Even, there are other diseases with a higher mortality rate than coronavirus. Such as: Tuberculosis, Dengue, among others <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13"><sup>13</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14"><sup>14</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>Despite all the information that circulates through various media, there are still some that are alarmist, that generate disinformation and that concern negatively the population. Therefore, there is a group of people who back up their knowledge on these unreliable sources leading to fatalistic or extremist thoughts. This has been observed also in the attitude towards other diseases; for example, when some people find out to know that are suffering some diseases (as HIV or cancer) they committed suicide for the fear of upcoming problems <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. For this reasons, the objective of our study was to validate a survey which measures the fatalism due to the possibility of coronavirus infection so that it could be used in other contexts and latitudes that are looking to appraise the sensation of fatalism due to the onset of new diseases with potential of pandemic.</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="methods">
				<title>Methods</title>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Type and design of research:</italic></title>
					<p> it was realized an instrumental cross - sectional study <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16"><sup>16</sup></xref>. The research was carried out in 17 Peruvian cities: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cerro de Pasco, Chiclayo, Chimbote, Cusco, Huancayo, Huanuco, Ica, Iquitos, Lima, Piura, Pucallpa, Puno, Tacna and Trujillo.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Population and sample:</italic></title>
					<p> during the expert evaluation phase, 28 health professionals were assisted. These professionals had the following occupations: infectologists, public health practitioners, epidemiologist, nurses, psychologist, and others. These experts did not fill the instrument.</p>
					<p>For the validation of the form and the questions (for explorative factorial analysis), for the validation of the survey all health professionals (doctors, nurses, interns and other professionals of first and highest attention level), patients at risk (elderly, oncologic patients, pregnant women and other medical conditions) and regular people (who was not included in previous groups) who agreed to participate in the research and to answered all questions appropriately were included. The sample of this pilot study consisted of 389 participants. Those who were under 18 years of age, those who answered the survey incorrectly or incompletely, and those who did not want to participate in the study were excluded. It was a non - probabilistic sample in all research stages (but we tried to take similar amounts of participants in coast, mountains and jungle; according to demographics of each region).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Procedures:</italic></title>
					<p> it was realized an exhaustive bibliographic search on different data bases as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs and Hinari with key words such as: COVID-19, SARS COVID, coronavirus. At the end of bibliographical search, researchers proposed the first draft of data collection instrument. After that, this draft was appraised and approved for all authors.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Technical and collection information:</italic></title>
					<p> fatalism by COVID-19 scale (F-COVID-19) measures perception/belief about possible scenarios after coronavirus infection. It is made up of 7 items, which were defined by the authors of this research based on the definition or conceptual model of the articles that were published in 2020 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3"><sup>3</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6"><sup>6</sup></xref>. It has multiple choice answers (Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree).</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Data recollection:</italic></title>
					<p> in first place, fatalism by COVID - 19 scale was appraised and revised by the research team (according to available information found in specialized literature until February). By so doing, with the help of 28 experts the validity of scale content was analyzed in terms of relevancy, representativity, and clarity of items <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17"><sup>17</sup></xref>. Following, Fatalism by COVID-19 scale was applicated in homes, workplaces and study places. Before the application of the instrument, the participants were informed about the objectives of the research and verbal consent was solicitated in each case. The participation on survey was overt voluntary and anonymous. The last phase was the statistical analysis and there was a last verification of the questions, this through the judgment of 10 experts, where they verified the questions one last time.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Statistical analysis:</italic></title>
					<p> first, evidence of content validity for each item was analyzed by 4 criteria (from 0 not relevant/representative/clear to 3 totally relevant/representative/clear) and the rate of relevancy, representativity and clarity was quantificate by V of Aiken coefficient and its confidence intervals (CI) at 95%. Thus, a V ≥ .70 and CI ≥ .59 indicated a positive assessment of the reactive.</p>
					<p>Second, distribution of items was analyzed in order to identified possible excesses of asymmetry and kurtosis (&gt;1). Third, explorative factorial analysis (EFA) was performed by robust ordinary least squares applicating a promin oblique rotation basing on a Pearson correlation matrix. Barlett Test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index (KMO) was applied. Parallel analysis suggested 2 factors, this fact was coherent with the beginning model. All these analytical procedures were performed using statistical program FACTOR Analysis 10.1 version <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18"><sup>18</sup></xref>. Finally, scale reliability was calculated using statistical software SPSS 24.0 version.</p>
				</sec>
				<sec>
					<title><italic>Bioethical aspects:</italic></title>
					<p> this study had ethical considerations for research. Considering that in emergencies (outbreaks and epidemics), investigations should be done as soon as possible, to help scientific community in understanding the phenomenon. Each of the participants gave their verbal consent. </p>
				</sec>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="results">
				<title>Results</title>
				<p>The results of explorative factorial analysis were based on information collected of 389 participants who answered the items of fatalism by COVID-19 scale voluntarily. Furthermore, 24 surveys were eliminated because were not completed or were with double answer. An evaluation was made based on the descriptive data of each item. Item 8 “I consider that if someone have a fatal case of coronavirus should be sacrificated/eutanasy or similar to avoid further infection” was eliminated for present a common variance &lt;0.3 and corrected correlation coefficient of the item &lt;0.3 (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 1</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t4">
						<label>Table 1</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Descriptive values of Fatalism by COVID-19 scale (F-COVID-19).</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Variable</th>
									<th align="center">M</th>
									<th align="center">DE</th>
									<th align="center">As</th>
									<th align="center">K</th>
									<th align="center">h</th>
									<th align="center">r itc</th>
									<th align="center">α</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item1</td>
									<td align="center">2.332</td>
									<td align="center">1.035</td>
									<td align="center">0.657</td>
									<td align="center">-0.419</td>
									<td align="center">0.306</td>
									<td align="center">0.382</td>
									<td align="center">0.730</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item2</td>
									<td align="center">2.205</td>
									<td align="center">0.995</td>
									<td align="center">0.699</td>
									<td align="center">-0.462</td>
									<td align="center">0.641</td>
									<td align="center">0.458</td>
									<td align="center">0.717</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item3</td>
									<td align="center">2.337</td>
									<td align="center">1.072</td>
									<td align="center">0.541</td>
									<td align="center">-0.756</td>
									<td align="center">0.461</td>
									<td align="center">0.506</td>
									<td align="center">0.707</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item4</td>
									<td align="center">2.978</td>
									<td align="center">1.189</td>
									<td align="center">-0.164</td>
									<td align="center">-1.165</td>
									<td align="center">0.327</td>
									<td align="center">0.490</td>
									<td align="center">0.710</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item5</td>
									<td align="center">3.077</td>
									<td align="center">1.193</td>
									<td align="center">-0.197</td>
									<td align="center">-1.113</td>
									<td align="center">0.474</td>
									<td align="center">0.573</td>
									<td align="center">0.692</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item6</td>
									<td align="center">3.970</td>
									<td align="center">0.910</td>
									<td align="center">-1.097</td>
									<td align="center">1.367</td>
									<td align="center">0.498</td>
									<td align="center">0.464</td>
									<td align="center">0.717</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item7</td>
									<td align="center">3.740</td>
									<td align="center">1.184</td>
									<td align="center">-0.824</td>
									<td align="center">-0.272</td>
									<td align="center">0.340</td>
									<td align="center">0.432</td>
									<td align="center">0.722</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item8</td>
									<td align="center">4.027</td>
									<td align="center">1.077</td>
									<td align="center">-1.306</td>
									<td align="center">1.149</td>
									<td align="center">0.148</td>
									<td align="center">0.235</td>
									<td align="center">0.757</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN4">
								<p>M = Media, SD = Standard deviation, As = Asymmetry coefficient, K = Kurtosis coefficient, h = Comunalidity</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>Sample adequacy was examined for exploratory factor analysis. Statistical results from KMO (0.779) and Bartlett (572.6; gl = 21; p &lt; 0,001) were acceptable and significative. Therefore, factorial structured analysis of fatalism by coronavirus scale was performed based on a product moment correlation matrix (Pearson). Although items 4, 5, 6 and 8 have skewness and kurtosis coefficients, they are greater than 1 in absolute value. This was not a problem because the parallel analysis method (as published by Horn) was used to determine the number of factors and the robust method of ordinary least squares with average oblique rotation to analyze the factor structure or item saturation, where values less than 0.4 were omitted.</p>
				<p>Parallel analysis suggested a 2-factor structure. Items 4,5,6 and 7 presents saturations above 0.4 in factor 1 (called: Extreme fatal consequences due to the consequence of infection) and contributes 40.9% of the explained variance. Items 1,2 and 3 present saturations in factor 2 (called: Concern about coronavirus infection) contribute 17.9%. Thus, the total variance explained by the 7 items distributed in 2 factors is 58,9%, which is adequate. The correlation between these factors was significatively superior to 0,3 (r = 0.457; p = &lt; 0,001). Robust analysis (X2 = 21.161; p = 0,007; CFI = 0.984, GFI = 0.996; TLI = 0.957; RMSEA = 0.067 y RMSR = 0.033) showed a satisfactory factorial structure (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 2</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t5">
						<label>Table 2</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Explorative factorial analysis for fatalism by COVID-19 scale (F-COVID-19).</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Ítems</th>
									<th align="center">F 1</th>
									<th align="center">F 2</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that I wil get infected in my workplace or study place.</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center">0.544</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that if I get infected, I will infect to my relatives/friends.</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center">0.853</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that I will be submitted in a hospital for a complication.</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center">0.603</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that If I get infected by this virus, I will depress.</td>
									<td align="center">0.424</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that If I get infected by this virus, I could die (I will die for the virus).</td>
									<td align="center">0.591</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that If I get infected by this virus, I could make a fatal decision (suicide).</td>
									<td align="center">0.698</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="left">I believe that this is evidence of the “end of the world”.</td>
									<td align="center">0.627</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN5">
								<p>Interfactorial correlation = 0.457</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
				<p>About reliability of F - COVID - 19 scale, the results showed that the 7 items that were part of the instrument possessed a reliability coefficient superior to 0.7. The factors 1 and 2, and the whole scale also showed coefficients values above 0.7; indicating that the instrument have internal consistency. In this way, this results in a scale with valid and reliable measurements (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 3</xref>).</p>
				<p>
					<table-wrap id="t6">
						<label>Table 3</label>
						<caption>
							<title>Descriptive values for the 7 items of final Fatalism by COVID-19 scale (F-COVID-19).</title>
						</caption>
						<table>
							<colgroup>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
								<col/>
							</colgroup>
							<thead>
								<tr>
									<th align="center">Variable</th>
									<th align="center">M</th>
									<th align="center">DE</th>
									<th align="center">As</th>
									<th align="center">K</th>
									<th align="center">h</th>
									<th align="center">r itc</th>
									<th align="center">a</th>
								</tr>
							</thead>
							<tbody>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Factor 1:</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item4</td>
									<td align="center">2.978</td>
									<td align="center">1.189</td>
									<td align="center">-0.164</td>
									<td align="center">-1.165</td>
									<td align="center">0.348</td>
									<td align="center">0.512</td>
									<td align="center">0.719</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item5</td>
									<td align="center">3.077</td>
									<td align="center">1.193</td>
									<td align="center">-0.197</td>
									<td align="center">-1.113</td>
									<td align="center">0.465</td>
									<td align="center">0.553</td>
									<td align="center">0.709</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item6</td>
									<td align="center">3.970</td>
									<td align="center">0.910</td>
									<td align="center">-1.097</td>
									<td align="center">1.367</td>
									<td align="center">0.431</td>
									<td align="center">0.423</td>
									<td align="center">0.738</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item7</td>
									<td align="center">3.740</td>
									<td align="center">1.184</td>
									<td align="center">-0.824</td>
									<td align="center">-0.272</td>
									<td align="center">0.373</td>
									<td align="center">0.423</td>
									<td align="center">0.740</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Total</td>
									<td align="center">13.764</td>
									<td align="center">3.279</td>
									<td align="center">-0.374</td>
									<td align="center">-0.056</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center">0.703</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Factor 2:</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item1</td>
									<td align="center">2.332</td>
									<td align="center">1.035</td>
									<td align="center">0.657</td>
									<td align="center">-0.419</td>
									<td align="center">0.308</td>
									<td align="center">0.401</td>
									<td align="center">0.742</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item2</td>
									<td align="center">2.205</td>
									<td align="center">0.995</td>
									<td align="center">0.699</td>
									<td align="center">-0.462</td>
									<td align="center">0.664</td>
									<td align="center">0.489</td>
									<td align="center">0.725</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Item3</td>
									<td align="center">2.337</td>
									<td align="center">1.072</td>
									<td align="center">0.541</td>
									<td align="center">-0.756</td>
									<td align="center">0.454</td>
									<td align="center">0.525</td>
									<td align="center">0.716</td>
								</tr>
								<tr>
									<td align="center">Total</td>
									<td align="center">6.874</td>
									<td align="center">2.471</td>
									<td align="center">0.422</td>
									<td align="center">-0.254</td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center"> </td>
									<td align="center">0.709</td>
								</tr>
							</tbody>
						</table>
						<table-wrap-foot>
							<fn id="TFN6">
								<p>M = media, SD = Standard deviation, As = Asymmetry coefficient, K = Kurtosis coefficient, h = Comunalidity</p>
							</fn>
						</table-wrap-foot>
					</table-wrap>
				</p>
			</sec>
			<sec sec-type="discussion">
				<title>Discussion</title>
				<p>The coronavirus has quickly become in the most important trouble in this early 2020. Almost every country in the world has reported at least one case at the end of this study <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19"><sup>19</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20"><sup>20</sup></xref>. Thus, many nations have taken strict policies to stop this pandemic <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21"><sup>21</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22"><sup>22</sup></xref>. Therefore, an instrument that could measure with reliability the fatalism that some people can get about this pandemic was validated through a simple survey with few questions.</p>
				<p>The factor 2 of the survey measures the fatalism about the possibility of getting infected. The 3 questions contained in this factor evaluated the possibility of being infected in workplace and study place, the possibility of infecting to relatives and friends; furthermore, the possibility of having complications that may require hospitalization. These questions not only translate the very fatalistic possibility of getting infected; this is a real possibility, since there are projections that show that by 2021, 60-70% of the population will be infected with COVID-19 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. These estimations rely on the possibility of getting infected in workplaces and study places, in other words, indicates community transmission as the main way to acquire the disease <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24"><sup>24</sup></xref>, so in these terms the fear feeling of the general population is understandable. Furthermore, participants manifested that they are sure that once they get infected, will infect their relatives and friends, without knowing, their fears correspond with R0 of transmission which indicates in this disease a transmission rate of 2 - 3 people by each infected <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25"><sup>25</sup></xref>. Finally, the question that states that they have the possibility of suffering a complication was validated when it is known that it only happens in 5% of the population <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>, though this possibility enhances in the case of risk groups <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26"><sup>26</sup></xref>. Thus, upcoming researches must evaluate these results according to of population where is performed, as, it is difficult to compare the data obtained among general population and risk groups <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27"><sup>27</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The factor 1 collects extreme fatalist questions. One of these questions inquire the probability of getting depressed in case of knowing that you are a COVID patient, which it’s coherent with results reported in other papers where it was observed that many people get depressed when they get to know that are suffering a chronic disease or a high lethality illness <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28"><sup>28</sup></xref>. Another question in the survey analyze the opinion of the participants on the possibility of dying if they get infected; currently it is known that lethality rate is 2 - 3 deaths by each 100 infected <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23"><sup>23</sup></xref>. Albeit, there are some countries like Italy where this rate is almost of 10 by each 100 infected <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29"><sup>29</sup></xref>; so, these facts enhance the fear feel by population about the lethality of COVID-19. Future researches must measure the real risk of this population, as, it will be important to make situational analysis between whom presents more fear and concern about this possibility. If these concerns take place among real risk groups, it will be because they are informed even though in a minimum way <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30"><sup>30</sup></xref>. However, if these concerns take place among general population, instead of help this can cause an unnecessary fear that can generate another effect <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31"><sup>31</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33"><sup>33</sup></xref>. </p>
				<p>One of the questions contained in the survey that was extremely interesting was the one about the probability of taking a fatal decision when the participants get to know that they are infected. This is, indeed, a big public health trouble, but a background in other diseases, as, it is known that many that suffers HIV or cancer committed suicide when they receive the news about their medical condition <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15"><sup>15</sup></xref>. Furthermore, there are reports that other diseases can trigger this kind of reactions between these patients <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34"><sup>34</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36"><sup>36</sup></xref>. It is also important to feature whom are more propense to take these kinds of fatal decisions in order to identify and evaluate them with other tests that can measure global depression and even self-esteem, as, both have been identified as principal factors that influences in suicide ideation <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37"><sup>37</sup></xref><sup>,</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38"><sup>38</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>At last, it was proposed a question that has measured the perception of the participants on the fact that arise of coronavirus is evidence of “end of the world”, knowing that this aspect can be influenced by magical or religious beliefs <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39"><sup>39</sup></xref><sup>-</sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41"><sup>41</sup></xref>. There are some people that base their perceptions on their beliefs or magical experiences that predisposed them to be influenced by comments of their relatives and friends who share their same beliefs or ideas <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42"><sup>42</sup></xref>, which it’s additionally influence by images spread by media promoting apocalyptical ideas (religious beliefs) that makes in this population to feel a loss of hope and an increasing fear to death <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43"><sup>43</sup></xref>. So, this aspect has to be evaluated with other questions in order to know which religions or beliefs think that these events are omen of “end of the world”, so that, the beliefs which are more propense to these thoughts can be identified <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44"><sup>44</sup></xref>.</p>
				<p>The principal limitation of this research was only performed among Peruvian citizens, therefore, other researchers who wants to apply this scale and survey in their own contexts need to be cautious. However, we believe that this survey is suitable because of the great and diverse population that take part of this research (hundreds of people in coast, highlands, jungle from different social - economic incomes in groups A, B, C and D). For that reason, this scale can be quickly applied among countries with similar characteristics to Peru like Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and other countries of Latin America.</p>
				<p>In conclusion, an instrument that measures the fatalism in people who can get infected by coronavirus SARS - COVID 2 was validated. Two factors were identified, one was related to the concern for the infection by coronavirus and the other to the extreme fatal consequences for getting the infection.</p>
			</sec>
		</body>
		<back>
			<ack>
				<title>Acknowledgments</title>
				<p>We like to thank to Alan Wenceslao Quispe Sancho who helps us in the collection the information for this project. We also like to thank COVID - 19 - GIS - Peru research group that help to collect the data in each evaluated city.</p>
			</ack>
			<fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
				<label>Financing</label>
				<p> This research was financed by the authors.</p>
			</fn>
		</back>
	</sub-article>
</article>