
Virulencia y sensibilidad a antifúngicos de Candida albicans 55
Vol. 67(1): 45 - 56, 2026
21. de Paula Menezes R, de Melo Riceto ÉB,
Borges AS, de Brito Roder DV, dos San-
tos Pedroso R. Evaluation of virulence
factors of Candida albicans isolated from
HIV-positive individuals using HAART. Arch
Oral Biol. 2016; 66:61-65. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.004.
22. Moreno X, Ventura M, Panizo MM, Gar-
cés MF. Evaluación de la formación de
biopelículas en aislamientos bacterianos
y fúngicos por el método semicuantitativo
de microtitulación con cristal violeta y el
cualitativo de agar con rojo Congo. Biomé-
dica. 2023; 43(Suppl 1):77-88. https://doi.
org/10.7705/biomedica.6732.
23. Stepanovic S, Vukovic D, Dakic I, Savic
B, Svabic-Vlahovic M. A modified micro-
titer-plate test for quantification of sta-
phylococcal biofilm formation. J Microbiol
Methods. 2000; 40(2):175-179. https://
doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7012(00)00122-6.
24. Ochiuzzi ME, Arechavala A, Guelfand L,
Maldonado I, Soloaga R, Red de Micolo-
gía CABA, Argentina. Evaluación de las
tarjetas AST-YSO1 del sistema Vitek 2 para
determinar la sensibilidad a antifúngicos de
levaduras del género Candida. Rev Argent
Microbiol. 2014; 46(2):111-118. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0325-7541(14)70058-6.
25. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Ins-
titute (CLSI). Performance Standards for
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts.
2nd ed. CLSI Supplement M60- Ed 2. Way-
ne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards
Institute; 2020. Disponible en: wwiw.clsi.
org.
26. Pfaller MA, Espinel-Ingroff A, Canton
E, Castanheira M, Cuenca-Estrella M,
Diekema DJ, et al. Wild-type MIC distri-
butions and epidemiological cutoff values
for amphotericin B, flucytosine, and itra-
conazole and Candida spp. as determined
by CLSI broth microdilution. J Clin Micro-
biol. 2012; 50(6):2040-2046. https://doi.
org/10.1128/JCM.00248-12.
27. Hube B. From commensal to pathogen:
stage- and tissue-specific gene expres-
sion of Candida albicans. Curr Opin Mi-
crobiol. 2004;7(4):336–341. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.mib.2004.06.003.
28. Jacobsen ID. The role of host and fungal
factors in the commensal-to-pathogen
transition of Candida albicans. Curr Clin
Microbiol Rep. 2023; 10(2):55-65. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s40588-023-00190-w.
29. Samaranayake LP, Raeside JM, Macfarla-
ne TW. Factors affecting the phospholipase
activity of Candida species in vitro. Sabou-
raudia. 1984; 22(3):201-207. https://doi.
org/10.1080/00362178485380331.
30. Pandey N, Gupta MK, Tilak R. Extracellular
hydrolytic enzyme activities of the different
Candida spp. isolated from the blood of the
intensive care unit-admitted patients. J Lab
Physicians. 2018; 10(4):392-396. https://doi.
org/10.4103/JLP.JLP_81_18.
31. Hernández-Solís SE, Rueda-Gordillo F,
Rojas-Herrera RA. Actividad de la protei-
nasa en cepas de Candida albicans ais-
ladas de la cavidad oral de pacientes in-
munodeprimidos, con candidiasis oral y
sujetos sanos. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2014;
31(2):137-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
riam.2013.09.003.
32. Tiwari P, Aishwarya N, Tiwari K, Tanus-
hree P, Munesh Kumar G, Tilak R. In vitro
determination of antifungal susceptibility
and virulence factors in Candida species
causing candidemia in North India region.
Discov Public Health. 2024: 21:50. https://
doi.org/10.1186/s12982-024-00175-0.
33. de Paula Menezes R, Silva FF, Melo SGO,
Alves PGV, Brito MO, de Souza Bessa MA,
et al. Characterization of Candida species
isolated from the hands of the healthca-
re workers in the neonatal intensive care
unit. Med Mycol. 2019; 57(5):588-594.
https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy101.
34. Pakshir K, Bordbar M, Zomorodian K,
Nouraei H, Khodadadi H. Evaluation
of CAMP-like effect, biofilm formation,
and discrimination of Candida africana
from vaginal Candida albicans species. J
Pathog. 2017; 2017:7126258. https://doi.
org/10.1155/2017/7126258.
35. Castrillón LE, Palma A, Padilla MC. Bio-
películas fúngicas. Dermatol Rev Mex.
2013; 57 (5):350-361. Disponible en:
https://www.esi.academy/wp-content/
uploads/Biopeliculas_fungicas.pdf