Presunta transmisión del avipoxvirus al ser humano: Reporte de caso

• Zahida Asnoune Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5478-6023
• Seloua Morsli Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-5829
• Mourad Zeghdoudi Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-8234
• Latifa Bellilet Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3496-740X
• Riad Bouzid Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8677-1110
• Tahri Madja Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El Tarf, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-657X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e363912

Palabras clave: Virus de la viruela aviar, histopatología, humano, lesiones cutáneas, viruela

Resumen

Los casos actuales de viruela del simio humana en el mundo se han convertido en un grave problema de salud pública. Según la literatura, el virus de la viruela aviar no puede ser transmisible a los humanos. El propósito de este estudio fue demostrar que la transmisión del virus de la viruela aviar a los humanos puede ocurrir en el entorno avícola. En 2024, 1000 pavos de 8 semanas de edad desarrollaron la forma cutánea de la viruela aviar. Tres días después de su vacunación en la granja por el veterinario que tenía abrasiones en su mano izquierda, aparecieron lesiones cutáneas similares a las de la viruela y la viruela del simio humana en su respectiva mano. La evolución clínica de las lesiones de la mano del veterinario, así como muestras de tejido analizadas por examen histopatológico y bajo microscopic electrónica de transmisión, se utilizaron para realizar el diagnóstico. Durante 35 días, las lesiones de la mano progresaron a través de las etapas de pápulas, vesículas, pústulas, ulceraciones antes de la costra y descamación. La histopatología de las muestras de lesiones en las manos reveló cambios típicos del virus de la viruela en los queratocitos, y se observaron partículas virales completas similares al virus de la viruela aviar mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Este estudio destaca que la viruela en humanos puede ser causada por un tegumento comprometido en presencia de virus de la viruela aviar. Por lo tanto, es crucial conocer mejor estos virus enigmáticos, en particular su relación con el rango de hospedadores.

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