Efecto del extracto de Pelargonium sidoides sobre algunos parámetros endocrinos y de estrés oxidativo en ratas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico
Resumen
Se evaluó el papel potencial del extracto de Pelargonium sidoides en la reducción del estrés oxidativo en ratas con síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) inducido experimentalmente. Se formaron cinco grupos: grupo control sin tratamiento; un grupo que recibió 1 % de carboximetilcelulosa; otro grupo recibió extracto de P. sidoides (30 mg·kg–1·día–1 durante 3 días -d-); al grupo SOP se le administró letrozol (1 mg·kg–1·día–1 durante 21 d); y en el grupo SOP + P. sidoides, se dosificó el extracto durante los últimos 3 d de la administración de letrozol. Se determinaron los niveles de malondialdehído y glutatión reducido, y las actividades de catalasa, glutatión peroxidasa, superóxido dismutasa y glutatión–S–transferasa en sangre y tejidos ováricos. Además, se determinaron hormonas y biomarcadores como hormona foliculo estimulante (FSH), hormona luteinizante (LH), testosterona, insulina, colesterol y glucosa en suero. Las ratas del grupo SOP mostraron niveles de malondialdehído significativamente elevados tanto en plasma como en tejido ovárico, lo que indica un aumento del estrés oxidativo. Por el contrario, en comparación con los controles, los niveles de glutatión reducido y la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes fueron significativamente menores. En el grupo SOP + P. sidoides, los niveles de glutatión reducido ováricos aumentaron significativamente, sin embargo, no se observó ninguna alteración en los niveles de glutatión reducido plasmáticos. Los niveles de malondialdehído disminuyeron en ambos tejidos, y las actividades de las enzimas antioxidantes mejoraron significativamente, lo que sugiere una restauración parcial del equilibrio oxidativo. Las evaluaciones endocrinas mostraron que las ratas SOP tenían niveles séricos más altos de LH, testosterona, insulina y colesterol, con niveles disminuidos de FSH, mientras que la glucosa se mantuvo sin cambios. En el grupo SOP + P. sidoides, muchos parámetros se aproximaron a los valores de control, y no se detectaron diferencias significativas en comparación con las ratas sanas, excepto para la testosterona. En comparación con el grupo SOP, el suero redujo significativamente los niveles de LH, testosterona e insulina, e incrementó la FSH, mientras que la glucosa permaneció inalterada. En general, los hallazgos indican que el SOP induce estrés oxidativo en el plasma y los tejidos ováricos, y altera biomarcadores hormonales y metabólicos clave. El extracto de P. sidoides, gracias a sus efectos antioxidantes, podría aliviar las alteraciones oxidativas y hormonales asociadas al SOP, lo que sugiere su potencial papel de apoyo para mitigar las complicaciones relacionadas con esta afección.
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