Evaluación comparativa de los niveles totales de antioxidantes- oxidantes, índice de estrés oxidativo y albúmina modificada por ísquemia en terneros con diarrea neonatal
Resumen
Los primeros 28 días de vida de un ternero, durante los cuales son más frecuentes las pérdidas y las enfermedades, constituyen la fase más crítica de su desarrollo. Entre los trastornos neonatales, la diarrea sigue siendo un gran reto en la medicina bovina, ya que provoca importantes pérdidas sanitarias y económicas. El estrés oxidativo desempeña un papel significativo en la patogénesis de la enfermedad al alterar el equilibrio entre las especies reactivas de oxígeno y nitrógeno y las defensas antioxidantes. Aunque las investigaciones anteriores se centraron principalmente en agentes oxidantes o antioxidantes individuales, existen pocos análisis exhaustivos que incluyan varios indicadores oxidativos en terneros neonatales. Calculado como la relación entre la capacidad oxidante total y la capacidad antioxidante total, el índice de estrés oxidativo proporciona un indicador general del equilibrio redox. Además, se ha descubierto que la albúmina modificada por isquemia es un indicador sensible de los cambios oxidativos en las proteínas. Para caracterizar el estado oxidativo asociado a los niveles de capacidad oxidante total, capacidad antioxidante total, índice de estrés oxidativo, albúmina e albúmina modificada por isquemia tanto en terneros neonatos con diarrea como en los sanos, este estudio investigó a terneros con diarrea, que presentaban niveles de albúmina modificada por isquemia considerablemente más altos (P < 0,05), lo que indicaba un mayor estrés oxidativo. La capacidad oxidante total, la capacidad antioxidante total y el índice de estrés oxidativo también mostraron una tendencia al alza. Esta tendencia se produce tras un cambio oxidativo. Existían correlaciones positivas entre el capacidad oxidante total y el índice de estrés oxidativo; correlaciones negativas entre el capacidad antioxidante total y el índice de estrés oxidativo, así como entre la albúmina y el capacidad oxidante total. Estas correlaciones revelaron conexiones significativas entre estos parámetros. En definitiva, este estudio presenta un perfil combinado del estrés oxidativo en la diarrea neonatal del ternero y destaca el albúmina modificada por isquemia como posible biomarcador para evaluar la inestabilidad oxidativa. Estos hallazgos apuntan a cambios oxidativos que contribuyen a la aparición de la diarrea neonatal y, por lo tanto, respaldan el uso del albúmina modificada por isquemia como método diagnóstico alternativo para los terneros neonatos
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