Influencia de factores biológicos y ambientales en el crecimiento de corderos Ouled Djellal (Ovis aries) en el noreste de Argelia

• Sihem Belmili Higher National Veterinary School, Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources (GRAL). Algiers, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6952-5699
• Saïd Boukhechem University of Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Gestion de la Santé et Productions Animales Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences. Constantine, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3076-5464
• Hithem Bougherara University of Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Gestion de la Santé et Productions Animales Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences. Constantine, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0099-4776
• Abderrahmène Bensegueni University of Constantine 1 Frères Mentouri, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Constantine, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-6749
• Nassim Moula Higher National Veterinary School, Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources (GRAL). Algiers, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4438-8759
• Mohamed Ezzine Zebiri Directorate of Agricultural Services. Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2675-8377
• Safia Tennah Higher National Veterinary School, Research Laboratory Management of Local Animal Resources (GRAL). Algiers, Algeria. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3125-409X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e363923

Palabras clave: Corderos Ouled Djellal, rendimiento de crecimiento, factores no genéticos, ganancia media diaria, sistema semi-intensivo

Resumen

Se realizó un estudio con el objeto de evaluar la influencia de factores biológicos (sexo y tamaño de camada) y ambientales (región, año y mes de nacimiento) sobre el rendimiento de crecimiento de corderos Ouled Djellal criados en sistemas semi- intensivos en el noreste de Argelia. Se analizaron datos de 2.605 corderos nacidos entre los años 2015 y 2021 en tres wilayas (divisiones administrativas equivalentes a provincias): Constantine, Bordj Bou Arréridj y Oum El Bouaghi, utilizando modelos lineales generalizados. Los pesos corporales se registraron al nacimiento y a los 30, 60, 90 y 120 días de edad , y se calcularon las ganancias medias diarias para los periodos correspondientes (GMD0–90, GMD90–120 y GMD0–120). Los resultados mostraron que los pesos medios al nacimiento, entre los 90 y 120 días fueron de 4,48 ± 0,16 kg, 18,79 ± 0,10 kg y 21,82 ± 0,14 kg, respectivamente. Las ganancias medias diarias GMD0–90, GMD90–120 y GMD0–120 fueron de 159,6 ± 1,08; 107,2 ± 1,64 y 144,7 ± 1,18 g·día-1, respectivamente. Estos resultados variaron según los factores biológicos y ambientales (P<0,05). Los machos fueron consistentemente más pesados y presentaron mayores tasas de crecimiento que las hembras (P<0,0001), mientras que, los corderos únicos superaron a los gemelos durante todo el periodo de crecimiento (P<0,0001). Los corderos nacidos en octubre y agosto presentaron los mayores pesos al nacimiento y a los 30 días (P<0,0001 y P<0,05, respectivamente). También se observaron efectos significativos del año y de la región, registrándose los mejores rendimientos en Bordj Bou Arréridj y en 2019. Además, varias interacciones significativas entre estos factores evidenciaron su influencia combinada sobre el rendimiento de los corderos. Estos resultados demuestran que los factores no genéticos desempeñan un papel importante en el crecimiento de los corderos bajo condiciones semiáridas. Ajustar los periodos de parición a condiciones ambientales favorables y adaptar las prácticas de manejo al contexto regional podría mejorar considerablemente la productividad de los sistemas ovinos semi-intensivos en Argelia.

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